Newly developed membrane contactor-based N and P recovery process: Pilot-scale field experiments and cost analysis

Kaljunen, Juho Uzkurt; Al-Juboori, Raed A.; Mikola, Anna; Righetto, Ilaria; Konola, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125288

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The membrane contactor tank contained six membrane modules. Once all the membrane modules were covered with pH-adjusted wastewater, acid circulation and mixing in the membrane contactor tank were initialized [ 1 , 16 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Aeos™ ePTFE hydrophobic, gas-permeable membrane from Zeus Inc. was applied in the investigated process with the following parameters: 10 ± 0.381 mm inside diameter, the internodal distance between 10 and 30 mm, density of 0.45 ± 0.15 g/cm 3 and 1.0 mm wall thickness [ 1 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To help to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2—to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030—nitrogen and phosphorus can increase crop yield in agriculture, even though the uptake of fertilizers by plants is limited and a part of them is lost to the environment [ 1 ]. Nitrogen is a crucial for plant growth [ 2 ]; it is a renewable gaseous resource, enormously present in the atmosphere [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Cycle, PESTLE and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Membrane Contactor-Based Nitrogen Recovery Process

2023

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Nitrogen is one of the most critical nutrients in the biosphere, and it is an essential nutrient for plant growth. Nitrogen exists in the atmosphere vastly as a gaseous form, but only reactive nitrogen is usable for plants. It is a valuable resource and worth recovering in the wastewater sector. The aim of this work was to prepare a comprehensive environmental analysis of a novel membrane contactor-based process, which is capable of highly efficient nitrogen removal from wastewater. Life cycle assessment (LCA), PESTLE and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were applied to evaluate the process. The EF 3.0 method, preferred by the European Commission, IMPACT World+, ReCiPe 2016 and IPCC 2021 GWP100 methods were used with six different energy resources—electricity high voltage, solar, nuclear, heat and power and wind energy. The functional unit of 1 m3 of water product was considered as output and “gate-to-gate” analysis was examined. The results of our study show that renewable energy resources cause a significantly lower environmental load than traditional energy resources. TOPSIS score was used to evaluate the alternatives in the case of MCDA. For the EU region, the most advantageous option was found to be wind energy onshore with a score of 0.76, and the following, nuclear, was 0.70.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Cycle, PESTLE and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Membrane Contactor-Based Nitrogen Recovery Process

2023

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“…Therefore, variations in nutrient recovery efficiency were used in these processing practices to account for uncertainties in baseline values (shown in parentheses in Table 3). For example, several techniques are available for urine treatment, such as the Vuna process, NPHarvest, membrane technologies, Sanitation 360 and ammonia stripping (e.g., Etter et al, 2015;Mönkäre et al, 2016;Marttinen et al, 2017;Kaljunen et al, 2021;Simha et al, 2021). None of these technologies are currently implemented on a large scale in the regions studied, but if urine diversion were more common, it would be more likely that several parallel technologies would be applied.…”

Section: Nutrient Recovery Potential Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, to meet the targets, wastewater treatment systems need to be developed to achieve the safe recovery of nutrients and organic matter. The implementation of new technologies, such as RAVITA and NPHarvest (Rossi et al, 2018;Kaljunen et al, 2021), in centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), could result in even 1.3 times greater phosphorus recovery and three times greater nitrogen recovery when compared with current technologies, as well as decrease the accumulation of hazardous substances (Lehtoranta et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular Economy in Wastewater Management—The Potential of Source-Separating Sanitation in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Northern Finland and Sweden

Lehtoranta

Laukka

Vidal

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Current practices in wastewater management lead to inefficient recovery and reuse of nutrients and can result in environmental problems. Source separation systems have been shown to be an efficient way of recovering nutrients and energy from wastewaters, both in rural and urban context. Studies on nutrient recovery potential and life cycle impacts of source separation systems are mainly limited to small systems (for example a few households) while the impacts of upscaling source separation to a regional level have hardly been studied, especially in sparsely populated areas where the cost of the connection to a main treatment plant is higher. This study examines the regional nutrient balance of two source separation scenarios—black water separation and urine diversion—and compares them to the existing conventional wastewater system. The analysis comprises three sparsely populated regions of northern Finland and Sweden, including rural, peri-urban and urban areas. In addition, climate impacts are assessed based on existing life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. According to the results, by source separation it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the recovery rate of phosphorus (41–81%) and nitrogen (689–864%) compared to the conventional system. Depending on the region up to 65% of the mineral phosphorus and 60% of mineral nitrogen fertilisers could be theoretically replaced. Furthermore, the climate and eutrophication impacts would decrease with the implementation of such systems, but an increase in acidification may occur. However, even if the benefits of source separation systems are undisputed in terms of nutrient recovery, the implementation of such systems would to a large extent require an entire system change of the wastewater treatment sector and a wide paradigm change towards a circular economy.

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Selective and efficient removal of phosphate from aqueous solution using activated carbon‐supported Mg–Fe layered double oxide nanocomposites

Bezza,

Brink,

Chirwa

2024

Can J Chem Eng

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In the face of the continuous development of novel adsorbents, developing robust adsorbents with high efficiency, strong phosphate selectivity, high regenerability, and cost effectiveness is a scientific challenge. In the present study, an activated carbon‐supported MgFe2O4‐layered double hydroxide (AC@ MgFe2O4‐LDH) derived Mg–Fe layered double oxide (AC@ MgFe2O4‐LDO) nanocomposite was synthesized at various temperatures and its potential application for phosphate adsorption was investigated. The nanocomposite exhibited a hierarchical mesoporous structure with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of 193 m2/g and a narrow per‐size distribution of ~2 nm. AC@MgFe2O4‐LDO exhibited a high point of zero charge (pHpzc) value of 9.8 and robust phosphate adsorption potential over a wide pH range of 4–9 due to its high pH buffering capacity. The effects of adsorbent dose, layered double hydroxides (LDH) calcination temperature, initial phosphate concentration, contact time, and temperature on the phosphate adsorption capacity of the adsorbent were investigated. In the present study, up to 99.0% removal of phosphate was achieved at a 4 g/L adsorbent dosage in 4 h at pH 7 and 30°C. An adsorption kinetics study revealed that the adsorption of phosphate by AC@MgFe2O4‐LDO reached equilibrium within 240 min, with the kinetic experimental data fitting well with pseudo‐first‐order kinetics (r2 >0.99). The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model fit the experimental data well, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 25.81 mg/g. The adsorbent displayed strong phosphate selectivity in the presence of competing anions, and the study demonstrated that AC@MgFe2O4‐LDO has promising potential for efficient phosphate adsorption over a wide pH range.

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Newly developed membrane contactor-based N and P recovery process: Pilot-scale field experiments and cost analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

Life Cycle, PESTLE and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Membrane Contactor-Based Nitrogen Recovery Process

Life Cycle, PESTLE and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Membrane Contactor-Based Nitrogen Recovery Process

Circular Economy in Wastewater Management—The Potential of Source-Separating Sanitation in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Northern Finland and Sweden

Selective and efficient removal of phosphate from aqueous solution using activated carbon‐supported Mg–Fe layered double oxide nanocomposites

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