Newer Diagnostic Methods in Oncology

Goyal, Lovenish; Hingmire, S. S.; Parikh, Purvish M.

doi:10.1016/s0377-1237(06)80062-6

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, evidence based on the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that there would be 29.5 million new cancer diagnoses and 16.4 million cancer deaths per year by 2040 ( Shah et al, 2019 ; Sung et al, 2021 ). Accordingly, given the rapid development of oncology researches and the advancement of novel biotechnology approaches, determining different aspects of cancer progression can pave the way for improved cancer prognosis and treatment alternatives ( Goyal et al, 2006 ; Charmsaz et al, 2018 ; Pucci et al, 2019 ). Herein, one of the challenges in the field of cancer treatment is the heterogeneity of tumor cells, which may lead to anti-cancer drug resistance or cancer treatment failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Docking as a Therapeutic Approach for Targeting Cancer Stem Cell Metabolic Processes

et al. 2022

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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulation of cells which have been demonstrated in a variety of cancer models and involved in cancer initiation, progression, and development. Indeed, CSCs which seem to form a small percentage of tumor cells, display resembling characteristics to natural stem cells such as self-renewal, survival, differentiation, proliferation, and quiescence. Moreover, they have some characteristics that eventually can demonstrate the heterogeneity of cancer cells and tumor progression. On the other hand, another aspect of CSCs that has been recognized as a central concern facing cancer patients is resistance to mainstays of cancer treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation. Owing to these details and the stated stemness capabilities, these immature progenitors of cancerous cells can constantly persist after different therapies and cause tumor regrowth or metastasis. Further, in both normal development and malignancy, cellular metabolism and stemness are intricately linked and CSCs dominant metabolic phenotype changes across tumor entities, patients, and tumor subclones. Hence, CSCs can be determined as one of the factors that correlate to the failure of common therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. In this context, researchers are searching out new alternative or complementary therapies such as targeted methods to fight against cancer. Molecular docking is one of the computational modeling methods that has a new promise in cancer cell targeting through drug designing and discovering programs. In a simple definition, molecular docking methods are used to determine the metabolic interaction between two molecules and find the best orientation of a ligand to its molecular target with minimal free energy in the formation of a stable complex. As a comprehensive approach, this computational drug design method can be thought more cost-effective and time-saving compare to other conventional methods in cancer treatment. In addition, increasing productivity and quality in pharmaceutical research can be another advantage of this molecular modeling method. Therefore, in recent years, it can be concluded that molecular docking can be considered as one of the novel strategies at the forefront of the cancer battle via targeting cancer stem cell metabolic processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Docking as a Therapeutic Approach for Targeting Cancer Stem Cell Metabolic Processes

et al. 2022

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“…This method of imaging is growing in popularity due to its specificity as the antibodies can be altered in order to target antigens expressed by very specific forms of cancer 84 . For example, if a neuroendocrine tumor is suspected, IHC can be performed using antibodies that target the chromogranin antigen; a positive result indicates the presence of neuroendocrine cells within the tumor, and the brightness of the fluorescence approximates what portion of the tumor is composed of these cells 85 . The most imperative application of IHC in oncology today is specifically for the diagnosis of small round blue cell tumors and lymphomas as they identify the presence of specific “cluster of differentiation” (CD) markers which are used to identify specific cancers within these categories 85 .…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry Other Molecular Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IHC is also used as a prognostic indicator for specific cancers such as breast cancer by identifying the presence of HER2/neu protein, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and markers of proliferation such as Ki 67. As IHC becomes a more prominent method of cancer diagnosis, its use is expanding for the detection of micrometastasis to lymph nodes 85 …”

Section: Immunohistochemistry Other Molecular Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular methods of cancer diagnosis are gaining traction in the field of oncology. One of the most significant techniques in this category is the microarray which allows for the study of DNA, RNA, and proteins 85,86 . In the DNA microarray‐based technique for the analysis of global gene expression, RNA is obtained and reverse transcribed using fluorescently labeled nucleotides resulting in labeled cDNA 85,87 .…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry Other Molecular Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most significant techniques in this category is the microarray which allows for the study of DNA, RNA, and proteins 85,86 . In the DNA microarray‐based technique for the analysis of global gene expression, RNA is obtained and reverse transcribed using fluorescently labeled nucleotides resulting in labeled cDNA 85,87 . Hybridization of the cDNA with the preexisting probes in the microarray followed by scanning and analysis, provides important molecular information which can have significant diagnostic and prognostic implications 85 .…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry Other Molecular Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technological advancements in cancer diagnostics: Improvements and limitations

Pulumati

Dwarakanath

et al. 2023

Cancer Reports

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Background: Cancer is characterized by the rampant proliferation, growth, and infiltration of malignantly transformed cancer cells past their normal boundaries into adjacent tissues. It is the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for approximately 19.3 million new diagnoses and 10 million deaths globally in 2020. In the United States alone, the estimated number of new diagnoses and deaths is 1.9 million and 609 360, respectively. Implementation of currently existing cancer diagnostic techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and molecular diagnostic techniques, have enabled early detection rates and are instrumental not only for the therapeutic management of cancer patients, but also for early detection of the cancer itself. The effectiveness of these cancer screening programs are heavily dependent on the rate of accurate precursor lesion identification; an increased rate of identification allows for earlier onset treatment, thus decreasing the incidence of invasive cancer in the long-term, and improving the overall prognosis. Although these diagnostic techniques are advantageous due to lack of invasiveness and easier accessibility within the clinical setting, several limitations such as optimal target definition, high signal to background ratio and associated artifacts hinder the accurate diagnosis of specific types of deep-seated tumors, besides associated high cost. In this review we discuss various imaging, molecular, and low-cost diagnostic tools and related technological advancements, to provide a better understanding of cancer diagnostics, unraveling new opportunities for effective management of cancer, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).Recent Findings: Herein we discuss various technological advancements that are being utilized to construct an assortment of new diagnostic techniques that incorporate hardware, image reconstruction software, imaging devices, biomarkers, and even artificial intelligence algorithms, thereby providing a reliable diagnosis and analysis of the tumor. Also, we provide a brief account of alternative low cost-effective cancer therapy devices (CryoPop ® , LumaGEM ® , MarginProbe ® ) and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS), emphasizing the need for multi-disciplinary

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