“…The mortality rate of various disorders can be advantageously decreased with early diagnosis and efficient treatment choices. Depending on the available facilities, various complex physical and clinical circumstances such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), computerized tomography (CT) scan, X-ray imaging, endoscopy, medical ultrasound, thermography, cytology, and biopsy are utilized to diagnose tumors [ 6 , 7 ]. Molecular techniques based on genomic and proteomic sequencing such as polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry are also used to diagnose a variety of cancers.…”
Breast cancer (BC), one of the most common and life-threatening cancers, has the highest incidence rate among women. Early diagnosis of BC oncomarkers is considered the most effective strategy for detecting and treating BC. Finding the type and stage of BC in women as soon as possible is one of the greatest ways to stop its incidence and negative effects on medical treatment. The development of biosensors for early, sensitive, and selective detection of oncomarkers has recently attracted much attention. An electrochemical nano biosensor (EN) is a very suitable option for a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis. This comprehensive review provides information about the prevalence and pathobiology of BC, recent advances in clinically available BC oncomarkers, and the most common electrochemical nano biosensors for point-of-care (POC) detection of various BC oncomarkers using nanomaterial-based signal amplification techniques.
“…The mortality rate of various disorders can be advantageously decreased with early diagnosis and efficient treatment choices. Depending on the available facilities, various complex physical and clinical circumstances such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), computerized tomography (CT) scan, X-ray imaging, endoscopy, medical ultrasound, thermography, cytology, and biopsy are utilized to diagnose tumors [ 6 , 7 ]. Molecular techniques based on genomic and proteomic sequencing such as polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry are also used to diagnose a variety of cancers.…”
Breast cancer (BC), one of the most common and life-threatening cancers, has the highest incidence rate among women. Early diagnosis of BC oncomarkers is considered the most effective strategy for detecting and treating BC. Finding the type and stage of BC in women as soon as possible is one of the greatest ways to stop its incidence and negative effects on medical treatment. The development of biosensors for early, sensitive, and selective detection of oncomarkers has recently attracted much attention. An electrochemical nano biosensor (EN) is a very suitable option for a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis. This comprehensive review provides information about the prevalence and pathobiology of BC, recent advances in clinically available BC oncomarkers, and the most common electrochemical nano biosensors for point-of-care (POC) detection of various BC oncomarkers using nanomaterial-based signal amplification techniques.
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