New vistas for the study of structural and functional dynamics of the heart, lungs, and circulation by noninvasive numerical tomographic vivisection.

Wood, Earl H.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.56.4.506

Cited by 34 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR). The DSR is designed to scan up to 240 l-mm thick cross sections within a duration of 11 msec, and to repeat this complete scan procedure at &-set intervals, allowing the entire three-dimensional anatomic extent, as well as the dynamic changes in shape and dimensions, of moving structures such as the intact beating heart, lungs, and vascular system to be reconstructed (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Figure 1 depicts in schematic form the multiple X-ray source and detector assemblies of a proposed Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor system, consisting of a set of 28 independently controlled rotating-anode X-ray sources arranged around a semi-circle with a radius of 143 cm, and a 30-cm wide fluorescent screen bent around an opposing semicircle with a radius of 58 cm.…”

Section: The Dynamic Spatial Reconstructormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the resulting unsatisfactory delay between scan and diagnosis for any one patient, scanning of more than six patients per day would effectively be prevented, even though each scan procedure would involve approximately 1 hr. Consequently, use of the DSR as a routine cost-effective clinical diagnostic technique for early detection and study of cardiovascular abnormalities and early lung cancer would be impossible (4,7,8). It is anticipated that reconstruction times for each 127.…”

Section: Applications Of the Dsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Execution times of the fan beam filtered back projection programs employing Eq. [4] decreased by 25% in comparison to the durations required to complete the reconstructions via direct evaluation of Eq.…”

Section: Optimizationofthe Backprojection Computationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra high-speed transaxial image reconstruction of the heart, lungs, and circulation via numerical approximation methods and optimized processor architecture

Gilbert

Chu

Atkins

et al. 1979

Computers and Biomedical Research

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A high temporal resolution scanning multiaxial tomography unit, the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR), presently under development will be capable of recording multiangular Xray projection data of sufficient axial range to reconstruct a cylindrical volume consisting of up to 240 contiguous I-mm thick cross sections encompassing the intact thorax. At repetition rates of up to 60 sets of cross sections per second, the DSR will thus record projection data sufficient to reconstruct as many as 14 400 cross-sectional images during each second of operation. Use of this system in a clinical setting will be dependent upon the development of software and hardware techniques for carrying out X-ray reconstructions at the rate of hundreds of cross sections per second. A conceptual design, with several variations, is proposed for a special purpose hardware reconstruction processor capable of completing a single cross section reconstruction within 1 to 2 msec. In addition, it is suggested that the amount of computation required to execute the filtered back-projection algorithm may be decreased significantly by the utilization of approximation equations, formulated as recursions, for the generation of internal constants required by the algorithm. The effects on reconstructed image quality of several different approximation methods are investigated by reconstruction of density projections generated from a mathematically simulated model of the human thorax, assuming the same source-detector geometry and X-ray flux density as will be employed by the DSR. These studies have indicated that the prudent application of numerical approximations for the generation of internal constants will not cause significant degradation in reconstructed image quality and will in fact require substantially less auxiliary memory and computational capacity than required by direct execution of mathematically exact formulations of the reconstruction algorithm.

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Section: The Dynamic Spatial Reconstructormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of the Dsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra high-speed transaxial image reconstruction of the heart, lungs, and circulation via numerical approximation methods and optimized processor architecture

Gilbert

Chu

Atkins

et al. 1979

Computers and Biomedical Research

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“…Nevertheless on the basis of technological advances now in the wings, Dr. Wood remains convinced that the dream of noninvasive vivisection of structural-functional dynamics of the heart, lungs, and circulation in health and disease will before 2000 AD become a reality in major biomedical centers around this globe (Wood, 1977(Wood, , 1978(Wood, , 1985a.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Earl H. Wood: Outstanding twentieth century investigator of the heart and circulation

1987

Clinical Cardiology

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Analysis of multiple noninvasive test procedures for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Charuzi

Diamond

Pichler

et al. 1981

Clinical Cardiology

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All noninvasive tests used for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease are imperfect, both in sensitivity and in specificity. Accordingly, we evaluated the accuracy of four different diagnostic tests in various combinations in a population of 43 patients undergoing coronary angiography to determine if accuracy could be improved by multiple testing. These tests included stress electrocardiography for evaluation of exercise‐induced ST‐segment depression, stress cardio‐kymography (CKG) for detection of exercise‐induced precordial regional left ventricular dysfunction, stress 201thallium scintigraphy for assessment of exercise‐induced regional myocardial hypoperfusion, and cardiac fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification. A total of 46 (27%) of the 172 test responses observed were incorrect relative to angiography. These “false” responses were uniformly distributed over the four test procedures (12 ECG, 11 CKG, 10 201thallium, 13 fluoroscopy). Thus, a single test had a limited predictive accuracy for the detection or exclusion of coronary artery disease. The greater the number of abnormal responses observed in a given patient the greater the predictive accuracy for disease, especially multi‐vessel disease. Analysis of various combinations of these procedures revealed substantial differences both in cost of testing and net diagnostic yield. These data suggest that the four procedures employed are functionally independent and highly accurate relative to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease when used in combination. Cost‐effectiveness of diagnostic testing might be improved with the use of combinations of the less expensive and more accurate of these tests.

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New vistas for the study of structural and functional dynamics of the heart, lungs, and circulation by noninvasive numerical tomographic vivisection.

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Ultra high-speed transaxial image reconstruction of the heart, lungs, and circulation via numerical approximation methods and optimized processor architecture

Ultra high-speed transaxial image reconstruction of the heart, lungs, and circulation via numerical approximation methods and optimized processor architecture

Earl H. Wood: Outstanding twentieth century investigator of the heart and circulation

Analysis of multiple noninvasive test procedures for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

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