New Variant of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Odisha, India

Pal, Bibhuti Bhusan; Mohanty, Anima; Biswal, Bhagyalaxmi; Nayak, Smruti Ranjan

doi:10.1128/jcm.01877-18

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A study conducted in Odisha, India between 2004-2013, found that V. cholerae O139 was not detectable between 2004 and 2005, but then it briefly re-emerged in 2006 [16]. Also in Odisha, after an interval of 10 years, V. cholerae O139 re-emerged during April and May 2017 following a major flood event [8]. The intermittent resurgence is remarkable and suggests that this strain may reappear in a region following a long period when it had apparently disappeared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also in Odisha, after an interval of 10 years, V . cholerae O139 re-emerged during April and May 2017 following a major flood event [ 8 ]. The intermittent resurgence is remarkable and suggests that this strain may reappear in a region following a long period when it had apparently disappeared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, after this large outbreak in the early 1990s, the numbers of cases decreased and V. cholerae O139 strain is rarely isolated from clinical samples [6] and countries have not reported it to the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2014 [7]. The most recent published reports of clinical cases due to serogroup O139 were from India [8], Bangladesh [3] and China [9]. In spite of not being reported from other areas, cases due to V. cholerae O139 are still being seen in the Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) in Dhaka, Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cholerae O139 strain is rarely isolated from clinical samples [ 6 ] and countries have not reported it to the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2014 [ 7 ]. The most recent published reports of clinical cases due to serogroup O139 were from India [ 8 ], Bangladesh [ 3 ] and China [ 9 ]. In spite of not being reported from other areas, cases due to V .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vibrio cholerae O139 persists in Dhaka, Bangladesh since 1993

et al. 2021

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Background After a multi-country Asian outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 which started in 1992, it is rarely detected from any country in Asia and has not been detected from patients in Africa. Methodology/Principal findings We extracted surveillance data from the Dhaka and Matlab Hospitals of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) to review trends in isolation of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Bangladesh. Data from the Dhaka Hospital is a 2% sample of > 100,000 diarrhoeal patients treated annually. Data from the Matlab Hospital includes all diarrhoeal patients who hail from the villages included in the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Vibrio cholerae O139 was first isolated in Dhaka in 1993 and had been isolated every year since then except for a gap between 2005 and 2008. An average of thirteen isolates was detected annually from the Dhaka Hospital during the last ten years, yielding an estimated 650 cases annually at this hospital. During the last ten years, cases due to serogroup O139 represented 0.47% of all cholera cases; the others being due to serogroup O1. No cases with serogroup O139 were identified at Matlab since 2006. Clinical signs and symptoms of cholera due to serogroup O139 were similar to cases due to serogroup O1 though more of the O139 cases were not dehydrated. Most isolates of O139 remained sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, but they became resistant to erythromycin starting in 2009. Conclusions/Significance Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 continues to cause typical cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vibrio cholerae O139 persists in Dhaka, Bangladesh since 1993

et al. 2021

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“…So, the possible outbreak of cholera will be checked in this region. Previous publications by sequencing and comparing hundreds of bacterial genomes of V. cholerae have shown that all the explosive epidemics of cholera in Africa and America in the past-half century arose after the arrival of new strains that had evolved in Asia ( Domman et al, 2017 ; Weill et al, 2017 ; Pal et al, 2019 ). The present findings also strengthened the above facts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Dissemination of Altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 Causing Cholera in Odisha, India: Two and Half Decade’s View

et al. 2021

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The origin, spread and molecular epidemiology of altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera outbreaks/surveillance studies between 1995 and 2019 from different district of Odisha were analyzed. The stock cultures of V. cholerae O1 strains from 1995 to 2019 were analyzed through molecular analysis using different PCR assays and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The spread map (month, year and place) was constructed to locate the dissemination of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 in this region. A total of 13 cholera outbreaks were caused by V. cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor carrying ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes. The ctxB1 alleles of V. cholerae O1 mostly confined to the coastal areas, whereas the ctxB7 genotypes, though originating in the coastal region of Odisha, concentrated more in the tribal areas. The positive correlation between virulence-associated genes (VAGs) was found through Pearson’s correlation model, indicative of a stronger association between the VAGs. The clonal relationship through PFGE between ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes of V. cholerae O1 strains exhibited 80% similarity indicating single- or multi-clonal evolution. It is evident from this study that the spread of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae O1-altered El Tor was dominant over the prototype El Tor strains in this region. The origin of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 occurred in the East Coast of Odisha established that the origin of cholera happened in the Gangetic belts of Bay of Bengal where all new variants of V. cholerae O1 might have originated from the Asian countries.

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