New Trends in Drug Delivery Systems for Veterinary Applications

Abstract

Background: The veterinary pharmaceutical industry has shown significant growth in recent decades. Several factors contribute to this increase as the demand for the improvement of the quality of life of both domestic and wild animals, together with the need to improve the quality, productivity, and safety of foodstuffs of animal origin. Methods: The goal of this work was to identify the most suitable medicines for animals that focus on drug delivery routes as those for humans, although they may have different devices, such as collars and ear tags. Results: Recent advances in drug delivery systems for veterinary use are discussed, both from academic research and the global market. The administration routes commonly used for veterinary medicines are also explored, while special attention is given to the latest technological trends to improve the drug performance, reducing the number of doses, animal stress, and side effects. Conclusion: Drug delivery system in veterinary decreased the number of doses, side effects, and animal stress are a small fraction of the benefits of veterinary drug delivery systems and represent a significant increase in profit for the industry; also, it demands investments in research regarding the quality, safety, and efficacy of the drug and the drug delivery systems.

Biodegradable Polymers in Veterinary Medicine—A Review

“…Chitosan, independently or in combination with other chemicals, has been successfully tried as a delivery system for various macromolecules, including all kinds of drugs, peptides, and DNA [ 34 , 96 , 97 ]. It proved particularly useful in chemotherapy in animals for toxic drugs while delivering in other ways, for example, the heart-toxic anticancer doxorubicin or those with relatively short half-life and duration of action, like opioids [ 98 , 99 , 100 ].…”

“…The caffeine-, melatonin-, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-based modules completely released melatonin in the stomach due to the favorable pH and effectively delivered caffeine to the colon. This reference oral carrier will be useful in veterinary medicine and other applications where a complex formulation and diverse in vivo performance are necessary [ 96 ]; Local application—when the active chemical is delivered directly at or near the target site to avoid intoxication or damage to the surrounding tissue. One of the examples is ethyl cellulose–ethanol ablation, which was tried as an intratumoral injection in cats with sublingual squamous cell carcinoma to retain tumoricidal doses of ethanol within the tumor without damaging other tissues.…”

“…The caffeine-, melatonin-, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-based modules completely released melatonin in the stomach due to the favorable pH and effectively delivered caffeine to the colon. This reference oral carrier will be useful in veterinary medicine and other applications where a complex formulation and diverse in vivo performance are necessary [ 96 ];…”

Demand forecasting model for time-series pharmaceutical data using shallow and deep neural network model

“…Few authors attempted to forecast the revenue stream of pharmaceutical companies. One such study [ 17 ] aimed to introduce a new forecasting approach to the pharmaceutical companies' revenue estimates. This approach implemented a combination of NN-based prediction methods for the time series dataset.…”

“…The principal objective of this study was to find the most effective animal drugs based on drug distribution routes like those for humans. This generates demands for investment in the efficiency, health, and feasibility of drug delivery systems in testing [ 17 – 19 ]. The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model was used to enhance the predictive quality of the time series dataset.…”