New techniques on uropaleopathology

Abstract

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SEM-EDX micro-analysis and FTIR infrared microscopy by ATR of a bladder stone from the IIIth millennium BC from the B1S passage-grave of the necropolis in Chenon (Charente, France)

“…The diagnosis of bladder stones is immediately confirmed in our study by the concentric arrangement of the different layers [69][70][71] and by the alternation in these layers of crystalline and microcrystalline [72] that is typical of phosphate urinary lithiases, well observed on micro-scan (Figure 2C). A study of the chemical composition of kidney stones is important to understand how they formed.…”

“…Such approach has been successfully applied to different kinds of concretions including kidney [51][52][53], prostatic [54,55] and pancreatic [56] stones and in the case of two giants bladder stones found in the pelvis of a sixteenth-seventeenth century adult as well [57].…”

Foreword to microcrystalline pathologies: combining clinical activity and fundamental research at the nanoscale

“…Chemical compounds may be present in abnormal deposits as different crystalline phases that may be related to different biological conditions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Moreover, as well demonstrated for urinary stones [111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120], the morphological characteristics of these concretions may be a marker of specific pathological conditions regardless of the crystalline phase.…”

“…ulations [1,2]. In fact, crystalline pathologies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] (Figure 1) can affect all human organs and encompass several major diseases such as cancer [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], cardiovascular [20][21][22][23], infection [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], genetic [32][33][34][35][36][37] and neurodegenerative disorders [38,39] and rheumatological diseases [40].…”

Scanning electron microscopy—a powerful imaging technique for the clinician

“…Nowadays, SEM of pathological calcifications [10][11][12] is a very active research field. Typical recent publications include studies on kidney [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], salivary stones [25], breast [26][27][28], cardiovascular system [29,30], cartilage [31,32], gallstones [33], prostatic stones [34,35], thyroid [36], liver [37], ileal [38], or medical devices [39]. These examples convincingly show that SEM is an essential laboratory tool that continues to provide new clues about the pathogenesis of these biological samples.…”