New synthetic approaches to biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass

Abstract

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Synthetic Organic Compounds From Paper Industry Wastes: Integrated Biotechnological Interventions

“…Lignin based biofuels can be produced by using one-pot depolymerization or by the upgrading of bio-oil from biomass decomposition. Pulp and paper industry waste conversion into biofuel is an interesting approach to manage paper industry waste and to create commercial value out of it ( Zhu et al, 2020 ). The paper industry also generated sludge composed of biomass fly ash and calcareous sludge that is commonly disposed of in landfills.…”

The miR156: A Master Regulator to Harmonize Complex Biofuel Traits in Lignocellulosic Biomass Crops

“…(1) lack of suitable and economically viable lignocellulosic crops; (2) less and unstable biomass yield (average 20 tonnes Mg ha −1 yr −1 ) per unit area of land, hence, there is significant yield gap of 15 tonnes ha -1 year-1 [4,18,37]; (3) high level of biomass recalcitrance; (4) lignocellulosic crops are not able to grow optimally on the degraded lands with minimum agricultural inputs [44]; (5) to make crops more eco-friendly in the local niche; (6) to improve water and nutrients-use-efficiency or high C: N ratio in biomass; (7) to enhance resistance capability of cellulosic crops against abiotic and biotic stresses; (8) to improve biocontainment capability of transgenic lignocellulosic crops [45] (9) to make lignocellulosic crops more photosynthetic efficient so that, can fix more solar energy into biomass [5,37,46,47]; (10) simultaneously, crops system must also improve overall soil fertility; (11) bioenergy crops can be used as cost-effective, eco-friendly phytoremediation agents to retain degraded land, therefore, lignocellulosic crops must able to grow in diverse ecological and geographical locations [8,42,48]. Currently, about 2 billion hectares of degraded lands are available worldwide, therefore, that can be used for lignocellulosic crop farming to produce biomass feedstocks without encroaching arable land used for food crops [18,42,[49][50][51].…”

“…Moreover, various physio-chemical and biological downstream processes involved in biofuels productions which ultimately contribute to the high cost of liquid transport fuels [4,7]. It is worth mentioning that lignocellulosic biomass is now converted into electricity, liquid transport fuels, biogas production and high-value bioproducts (enzymes, acids, and biochemicals) that can greatly reduce the biofuel cost [8][9][10]. But the supply of quality feedstocks is still a major limiting factor.…”

Towards the Green Synthesis of Furfuryl Alcohol in A One-Pot System from Xylose: A Review

“…The peculiar layout of biomass (highly oxygenated compounds) causes its conversion into chemicals and fuels to be energy-intensive and comprises profound chemical transformations [7]. One option to handle the complex matrix of biomass feedstock considers its conversion into simpler fractions, which could be further transformed downstream.…”