New Starches VI. The Structure of the Starch Chunks from Amaranthus retroflexus

Goering, K. J.; Rao, P. V. Subba; Fritts, D. H.; Carroll, T. W.

doi:10.1002/star.19700220702

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Classes a. and b. may present a coating of amorphous starch, cementing grains into cohesive masses. The latter characteristics fit with the definition of "starch chunks" made by Goering (1967), regarding plant tissue compactly filled with starch and coated with it that breaks down into irregular forms.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 73%

Differentiation of archaeological maize (Zea mays L.) from native wild grasses based on starch grain morphology. Cases from the Central Pampas of Argentina

Musaubach

Plos

Babot

2013

Journal of Archaeological Science

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This paper presents, for the first time, a detailed study, from an archaeological perspective, of the morphological characteristics of the starch grains within the kernels of selected native wild grasses found in the Central Pampas of Argentina. We compared native wild grasses to maize starch grains, which can be distinguished from each other based on their size, shape and other attributes. The majority of the studied grains did not share morphological characteristics with maize starch grains. Considering this, it can be said that, if irregular and polyhedral grains with transverse or radial fissures dominate the starch assemblage, maize identification may be done on the basis of both morphology and size. Additionally, this research contributes to the characterization of the starch grains of the Panicoideae subfamily, which includes maize. Several classes of simple and compound starch grains are described and defined for native species of Pooideae, Chloridoideae, Arundinoideae, and Panicoideae subfamilies. The results obtained may constitute a baseline for the future determination of maize and wild grass use in archaeological contexts belonging to Middle/Late Holocene hunter-gatherers in the Pampas of Argentina and neighboring areas. Highlight: • Differentiation of maize starch from South American wild grasses by means of their morphology and size.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 73%

Differentiation of archaeological maize (Zea mays L.) from native wild grasses based on starch grain morphology. Cases from the Central Pampas of Argentina

Musaubach

Plos

Babot

2013

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…paniculatas has been characterized (Modi & Kulkarni, 1975, as has the starch from A . retroflexus (Goering & Rao, 1970;Goering et al, 1970). Both glutinous and non-glutinous starches in the perisperm of grain A. hypochondriacus (Okuno & Sakaguchi, 1981) have been reported, as have both normal and waxy types (Sugimoto et al, 1981a).…”

Section: R S Singhal and P R Kulkarnimentioning

confidence: 99%

Amaranths–an underutilized resource

Singhal

Kulkarni

1988

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…The starch granules are ≈1-2 µm in diameter (extremely small when compared with cereal starches) and may contain either waxy (amylose-free) or nonwaxy types of starch. Amaranth starch from different species have been studied since the 1970s, and some interesting findings have been reported: wide range of viscosity, resistance to shear thinning, stable paste properties, and small starch granule size (Goering et al 1970;Lorenz 1981;Okuno and Sakaguchi 1981;Sugimoto et al 1981;Stone and Lorenz 1984;Konishi et al 1985;Yanez et al 1986;Paredes-Lopez and Hernandez-Lopez 1991;Mistry and Eckhoff 1992;Myers and Fox 1994;Zhao and Whistler 1994;Paredes-Lopez et al 1994, 1998Wu et al 1995). Previous authors focused on very few Amaranthus species and sometimes gave contradictory results due to the genetic variation of the properties of Amaranthus starch.…”

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Genetic Diversity in Physical Properties of Starch from a World Collection of Amaranthus

Corke

1999

Cereal Chem

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Physical and functional properties of starches isolated from 93 noncultivated genotypes of nine Amaranthus species from a world germ plasm collection and an additional 31 cultivated Amaranthus genotypes obtained from China were tested. A wide variation was found in the properties tested among the Amaranthus species and among genotypes within the same species. When comparing starches from cultivated and noncultivated genotypes, it was generally found that amylose was lower; starch pasting profiles were more consistent with higher peak viscosity, lower breakdown, and lower setback; the gelatinization temperature was lower; and energy of enthalpy was higher. Under cool storage, the hardness of cultivated starch pastes was lower and the adhesiveness was higher. As expected, amylose content was a primary factor affecting the physical and functional properties of Amaranthus starch. Compared with reference maize, rice, and wheat starches, Amaranthus starch tended to have lower hot paste viscosity and lower cool paste viscosity; and higher gelatinization temperatures and higher energy of enthalpy. Furthermore, Amaranthus starch pastes showed less change of gel hardness and adhesiveness after cold storage. The environmental effect on the different properties of starch varied among Amaranthus species. It is suggested that Amaranthus starches can be developed for a wide range of food uses.

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New Starches VI. The Structure of the Starch Chunks from Amaranthus retroflexus

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Differentiation of archaeological maize (Zea mays L.) from native wild grasses based on starch grain morphology. Cases from the Central Pampas of Argentina

Differentiation of archaeological maize (Zea mays L.) from native wild grasses based on starch grain morphology. Cases from the Central Pampas of Argentina

Amaranths–an underutilized resource

Genetic Diversity in Physical Properties of Starch from a World Collection of Amaranthus

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