New sources of lycopsamine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their distribution in Apocynaceae

Burzynski, Elizabeth A.; Minbiole, Kevin P. C.; Livshultz, Tatyana

doi:10.1016/j.bse.2015.02.006

Cited by 17 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…DC., Holarrhena R. Br. and Alafia Thouars) and eight of 18 genera that have been tested and reported not to produce PAs (Burzynski et al, 2015;Colegate et al, 2016). We analysed three species that have been reported to contain PAs (Echites umbellatus Jacq., Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.)…”

Section: Sampling Vouchers Sequence Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ex G. Don) and two species from PA-positive genera reported to lack PAs, Echites turriger Woodson and Prestonia coalita (Vell.) Woodson (Burzynski et al, 2015). Furthermore, we included 40 genera whose PA status has not been tested.…”

Section: Sampling Vouchers Sequence Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Alafia is one of the PAproducing genera (Pais et al, 1971;Colegate et al, 2016), A. barteri has not been tested for PAs. Alafia may be a third genus, alongside Echites and Prestonia, where PA presence is apparently polymorphic among species (Burzynski et al, 2015). A study to test the correlation of hss genotype and PA phenotype among closely related species with and without PAs would illuminate the functional importance of the V/D motif and help identify other functionally important amino acid motifs.…”

Section: Is There Evidence Of Loss Of Hss and Pa Biosynthesis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) The current best estimate phylogeny of 27 lineages of Apocynaceae (Livshultz et al ., ; Simões et al ., ; Straub et al ., , ) with the known distribution of pyrrolizidine alkaloid ( PA ) positive and negative species (Burzynski et al ., ; Colegate et al ., ) (Supporting Information Table S1). Tribes and subfamilies follow the classification of Endress et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apocynaceae are best known for their production of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, steroidal alkaloids and cardenolides (Endress et al, 1990;Agrawal et al, 2012). However, Apocynaceae also produce pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in species of four tribes of the APSA (Apocynoideae, Periploicoideae, Secamonoideae, Asclepiadoideae) clade: Echiteae, Apocyneae, Malouetieae and Nerieae (Burzynski et al, 2015;Colegate et al, 2016) (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in Apocynaceae: revisiting the defence de‐escalation hypothesis

et al. 2018

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Summary Plants produce specialized metabolites for their defence. However, specialist herbivores adapt to these compounds and use them for their own benefit. Plants attacked predominantly by specialists may be under selection to reduce or eliminate production of co‐opted chemicals: the defence de‐escalation hypothesis.We studied the evolution of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in Apocynaceae, larval host plants for PA‐adapted butterflies (Danainae, milkweed and clearwing butterflies), to test if the evolutionary pattern is consistent with de‐escalation.We used the first PA biosynthesis specific enzyme (homospermidine synthase, HSS) as tool for reconstructing PA evolution. We found hss orthologues in diverse Apocynaceae species, not all of them known to produce PAs. The phylogenetic analysis showed a monophyletic origin of the putative hss sequences early in the evolution of one Apocynaceae lineage (the APSA clade). We found an hss pseudogene in Asclepias syriaca, a species known to produce cardiac glycosides but no PAs, and four losses of an HSS amino acid motif. APSA clade species are significantly more likely to be Danainae larval host plants than expected if all Apocynaceae species were equally likely to be exploited.Our findings are consistent with PA de‐escalation as an adaptive response to specialist attack.

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Section: Sampling Vouchers Sequence Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Vouchers Sequence Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%