“…For example, if fd is in sector 5 , as shown in Figure 3(a), the two adjacent voltage vectors are VS and v6. starting from time to, fd moves to tl and an approximation for the time integral can then be written as (3) where T5 and T6 represent the time widths for vectors Vs and v 6 respectively and the integration time interval tlto is defined as the Assuming equal time lengths for the two zero vectors, TO and T7 values are then estimated by This procedure is repeated at every sampling interval, i.e. every half of the inverter switching cycle, until the angular position of the modulating signal %t moves into the next sector which relates to vectors v 6 and VI.…”