New psychoactive substances (NPS) on cryptomarket fora: An exploratory study of characteristics of forum activity between NPS buyers and vendors

Hout, Marie Claire Van; Hearne, Evelyn

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.11.007

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Experienced members can display high calibre knowledge in the instances where incorrect, false, or hoax information is posted. In accordance with the results of other studies [6, 21–24], this study identified evidence of a hierarchy within the community of forum members. Experienced and ‘high-ranking’ members were often asked specifically to provide advice or had their opinions used to verify the accuracy of a response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Drug-related forums can also function as an avenue for social support, as well as advice mechanisms for crises, such as overdoses. Knowledge exchange, particularly regarding harm reduction practices, is a key feature [6, 23, 24], with users providing what has been described as ‘lay person evaluations’ of the risks and benefits of use [25]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information sought, information shared: exploring performance and image enhancing drug user-facilitated harm reduction information in online forums

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThere is good evidence to suggest that performance and image enhancing drug (PIED) use is increasing in Australia and that there is an increase in those using PIEDs who have never used another illicit substance. Peers have always been an important source of information in this group, though the rise of the Internet, and the increased use of Internet forums amongst substance consumers to share harm reduction information, means that PIED users may have access to a large array of views and opinions. The aim of this study was to explore the type of information that PIED users seek and share on these forums.MethodsAn online search was conducted to identify online forums that discussed PIED use. Three discussion forums were included in this study: aussiegymjunkies.com, bodybuildingforums.com.au, and brotherhoodofpain.com. The primary source of data for this study was the ‘threads’ from the online forums. Threads were thematically analysed for overall content, leading to the identification of themes.ResultsOne hundred thirty-four threads and 1716 individual posts from 450 unique avatars were included in this analysis. Two themes were identified: (1) personal experiences and advice and (2) referral to services and referral to the scientific literature.ConclusionsInternet forums are an accessible way for members of the PIED community to seek and share information to reduce the harms associated with PIED use. Forum members show concern for both their own and others’ use and, where they lack information, will recommend seeking information from medical professionals. Anecdotal evidence is given high credence though the findings from the scientific literature are used to support opinions. The engagement of health professionals within forums could prove a useful strategy for engaging with this population to provide harm reduction interventions, particularly as forum members are clearly seeking further reliable information, and peers may act as a conduit between users and the health and medical profession.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information sought, information shared: exploring performance and image enhancing drug user-facilitated harm reduction information in online forums

et al. 2017

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“…[23][24][25][26][27][28] These modifications are not restricted to 3-naphthoylindoles, and several regioisomers and homologues of methoxybenzoylindole SC RCS-4 (5) have also been reported 29,30 despite no precedent in the scientific literature, with position of methoxy substituent affecting cannabinoid potency in vitro. 34,35 Although this compound was unprecedented in the scientific literature at the time of its discovery, other benzylic indole-3-carboxamides had been reported as potent, water-soluble CB 1 receptor agonists. 34,35 Although this compound was unprecedented in the scientific literature at the time of its discovery, other benzylic indole-3-carboxamides had been reported as potent, water-soluble CB 1 receptor agonists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry and pharmacology of synthetic cannabinoid SDB‐006 and its regioisomeric fluorinated and methoxylated analogs

Banister

Olson

Winchester

et al. 2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Synthetic cannabinoids are the largest and most structurally diverse class of new psychoactive substances, with manufacturers often using isomerism to evade detection and circumvent legal restriction. The regioisomeric methoxy- and fluorine-substituted analogs of SDB-006 (N-benzyl-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide) were synthesized and could not be differentiated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), but were distinguishable by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-MS (LC-QTOF-MS). In a fluorescence-based plate reader membrane potential assay, SDB-006 acted as a potent agonist at human cannabinoid receptors (CB EC = 19 nM). All methoxy- and fluorine-substituted analogs showed reduced potency compared to SDB-006, although the 2-fluorinated analog (EC = 166 nM) was comparable to known synthetic cannabinoid RCS-4 (EC = 146 nM). Using biotelemetry in rats, SDB-006 and RCS-4 evoked comparable reduction in body temperature (~0.7°C at a dose of 10 mg/kg), suggesting lower potency than the recent synthetic cannabinoid AB-CHMINACA (>2°C, 3 mg/kg).

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“…In 2017, WADA's Prohibited List sustained the existence of 2 groups of stimulants namely non‐specified and specified compounds. Of note, despite the ever‐growing plethora of “designer” psychoactive substances (including psychostimulants), which have urged forensics and toxicology laboratories to continuously refine testing capabilities, the frequency at which such designer compounds are determined in doping controls is still comparably low.…”

Section: Stimulants Narcotics Cannabinoids and Glucocorticoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

Thevis

Kuuranne

Geyer

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Several high-profile revelations concerning anti-doping rule violations over the past 12 months have outlined the importance of tackling prevailing challenges and reducing the limitations of the current anti-doping system. At this time, the necessity to enhance, expand, and improve analytical test methods in response to the substances outlined in the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) Prohibited List represents an increasingly crucial task for modern sports drug-testing programs. The ability to improve analytical testing methods often relies on the expedient application of novel information regarding superior target analytes for sports drug-testing assays, drug elimination profiles, alternative test matrices, together with recent advances in instrumental developments. This annual banned-substance review evaluates literature published between October 2016 and September 2017 offering an in-depth evaluation of developments in these arenas and their potential application to substances reported in WADA's 2017 Prohibited List.

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New psychoactive substances (NPS) on cryptomarket fora: An exploratory study of characteristics of forum activity between NPS buyers and vendors

Abstract: Background The continual diversification of new psychoactive substances (NPS)

Cited by 55 publications

References 43 publications

Information sought, information shared: exploring performance and image enhancing drug user-facilitated harm reduction information in online forums

Information sought, information shared: exploring performance and image enhancing drug user-facilitated harm reduction information in online forums

The chemistry and pharmacology of synthetic cannabinoid SDB‐006 and its regioisomeric fluorinated and methoxylated analogs

Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

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