New psychoactive substances in oral fluid of drivers around a music festival in south-west France in 2017

Richeval, Camille; Dumestre-Toulet, Véronique; Wiart, Jean-François; Vanhoye, Xavier; Humbert, Luc; Nachon-Phanithavong, M.; Allorge, Delphine; Gaulier, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.029

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this study, the prevalence of NPS including designer stimulants and synthetic cannabinoids was found to be 1.6%. Previous prevalence studies, in contrast, showed higher prevalence rates ranging from 2.2 to 28% 17–24 . However, the prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids determined in Bavaria (2.1%) was similar to or slightly lower than those in Norway (2.2%) 18 and the German federal state Hesse (2.8%) 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Previous prevalence studies, in contrast, showed higher prevalence rates ranging from 2.2 to 28%. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] However, the prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids determined in Bavaria (2.1%) was similar to or slightly lower than those in Norway (2.2%) 18 and the German federal state Hesse (2.8%). 17 Comparatively higher prevalence rates for stimulant designer drugs (21-28%) and synthetic cannabinoids (15-19%) were found in Hungary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Retrospective analysis of new psychoactive substances in blood samples of German drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs

Fels¹,

Herzog²,

Skopp³

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a serious global problem and poses a public health risk. With new psychoactive substances (NPS) entering the illicit drug market several years ago, a significant number of highly potent and harmful drugs have become easily available and the use of these substances may impair a person's ability to drive a vehicle safely. Since NPS are not usually covered in routine toxicological analyses used in DUID investigations, only little is known about their prevalence. To gather more information on the prevalence of NPS in cases of impaired driving, a retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these drugs in blood samples of DUID suspects in southern Germany. A total of 837 blood samples, which were collected in the German federal states Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria in 2017 and 2018, were reanalyzed for designer stimulants and synthetic cannabinoids by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). For the analysis of synthetic cannabinoids, a more sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) screening method was additionally used. A total of 14 cases (1.6%) tested positive for NPS. Designer stimulants were detected in two cases (0.2%) and synthetic cannabinoids were found in 12 cases (1.4%). The rather low prevalence rate of 1.6% estimated in this study suggests that driving under the influence of NPS does not play a large role in southern Germany. Nonetheless, in all cases in which the psychophysical impairment cannot be explained by routine toxicological findings, a screening for NPS should additionally be performed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Retrospective analysis of new psychoactive substances in blood samples of German drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs

Fels¹,

Herzog²,

Skopp³

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…There is very little scienti c literature available about methamnetamine and its toxicity, but it is currently being detected in drug screenings across Europe. Methamnetamine is an uncontrolled substance in most countries (Lajtai, et al, 2020;Richeval, et al, 2019;Rothman, et al, 2012).…”

Section: Stimulant Name Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding unknown stimulants applied in food supplements using Artificial Intelligence

Gavai¹,

Bouzembrak²,

Bulk³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The world market for food supplements is large and is driven by the claims of these products to, for example, treat obesity, increase focus and alertness, decrease appetite, decrease the need for sleep or reduce impulsivity. The use of illegal compounds in food supplements is a continuous threat, certainly because these compounds and products have not been tested for safety by competent authorities. It is therefore of the utmost importance for the competent authorities to know when new products are being marketed and to warn users against potential health risks. In this study we present an approach to detect new and unknown stimulants in food supplements using machine learning. More than 20 new stimulants were identified from two different data sources, namely scientific literature applying word embedding on > 2 million abstracts and articles from formal and social media on the world wide web using text mining. The results show that the developed approach may be suitable to detect “unknowns” in the emerging risk identification activities performed by the competent authorities, which is currently a major hurdle.

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“…In 2014, α-PVP was temporarily classified by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as a Schedule I compound [22], and since then new derivatives have emerged to replace it. Therefore, with the endeavor to identify and evaluate potential alternatives to α-PVP, as well as to study the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of halogen-substituted analogs of α-PVP, this study is focused on seven novel synthetic cathinones: 3-Fluoro-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone The use and abuse of para-halogenated α-PVP derivatives has already been reported [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In fact, 4-Cl-α-PVP was temporary classified as a Schedule I compound in 2019 [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychopharmacology of Emerging Drugs of Abuse: meta- and para-Halogen-Ring-Substituted α-PVP (“flakka”) Derivatives

Nadal-Gratacós

Lleixà

Gibert-Serramià

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Changes in the molecular structure of synthetic cathinones has led to an increase in the number of novel emerging drugs in the illicit drug market at an unprecedented rate. Unfortunately, little is known about the neuropsychopharmacology of recently emerged halogen-substituted α-PVP derivatives. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of para- and meta-halogen (F-, Cl-, and Br-) substitutions on the in vitro, in silico, and in vivo effects of α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) derivatives. HEK293 cells expressing the human dopamine or serotonin transporter (hDAT and hSERT) were used for the uptake inhibition and transporter affinity assays. Molecular docking was used to model the interaction mechanism against DAT. Swiss CD-1 mice were used for the horizontal locomotor activity, open field test, and conditioned place preference paradigm. All compounds demonstrated potent DA uptake inhibition and higher DAT selectivity than cocaine. Meta-substituted cathinones showed higher DAT/SERT ratios than their para- analogs, which correlates with an increased psychostimulant effect in vivo and with different meta- and para-in silico interactions at DAT. Moreover, all compounds induced rewarding and acute anxiogenic effects in mice. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the role of meta- and para-halogen substitutions in the mechanism of action and provides the first evidence of the rewarding and anxiety-like properties of halogenated α-PVP derivatives.

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New psychoactive substances in oral fluid of drivers around a music festival in south-west France in 2017

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Retrospective analysis of new psychoactive substances in blood samples of German drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs

Retrospective analysis of new psychoactive substances in blood samples of German drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs

Finding unknown stimulants applied in food supplements using Artificial Intelligence

Neuropsychopharmacology of Emerging Drugs of Abuse: meta- and para-Halogen-Ring-Substituted α-PVP (“flakka”) Derivatives

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