New prospects and frontiers of nanodiamond clusters

Abstract

The review is devoted to nanodiamond as a member of new nanocarbon allotropes. The past results related to the main features of detonation technology for producing nanodiamond are highlighted. Effects of technology on the structure of nanodiamond particles as well as functionalization of nanodiamond surface to chemical properties are discussed. The real structure of single nanodiamond particles has been critically reviewed and its aggregation problem emphasized. Several applications of nanodiamonds mainly as precursors for CVD diamond film growth, for forming new magnetic nanomaterials and field electron emitters are reviewed. As a result, the availability of nanodiamonds as attractive building blocks for nanotechnology is concluded.

Nanodiamond for intracellular imaging in the microorganisms in vivo

“…The size of particle changed in straw medium mainly due to interaction with the medium content. For cND with nominal size 100 nm, no apparent aggregation was observed; while 5 nm ND and cND always exhibit highly degree of aggregation [39], and increase in straw medium. The distribution of 100 and 5 nm cND on the sizes in water is shown in the inset of Figure 1a; the distribution for 100 nm particles is narrower in comparison with the distribution for 5 nm aggregates which form large aggregates with average size even bigger than the 100 ND.…”

Nanodiamonds for field emission: state of the art

“…A further important aspect of this kind of nanodiamond is the presence of surface electrostatic potential, which changes with particle size and induces the formation of agglomerates with a preferred particle/particle orientation and drives the assembly of nanodiamond with other chemical species. [108][109][110][111][112] A sketch of the normalized surface electrostatic potential for relaxed structures of cuboctahedral-shaped nanodiamonds is displayed in the inset in Fig. 20.…”

Preparation and properties of multilayered polymer/nanodiamond composites via an in situ technique

“…NDs produced by detonation of carbon-containing explosives with negative oxygen balance, constituting particle sizes in a range of 2-10 nm, have attracted special research interest in recent decades [2][3][4][5][6]. NDs possess a fine combination of properties, such as crystallinity, hardness, chemical stability, low toxicity, non-porosity, a wide band gap, dopability, lesser particle size distribution (typically 4-6 nm) and the probability of varying the nanoparticle characteristics due to surface modification [7][8][9]. Owing to the above mentioned characteristics, NDs have been outstanding candidates in several advanced technological fields ranging from biomedical [10,11], to composites [12][13][14], and electrochemical applications [15], such as delivery vehicles design for drug analysis and purification of proteins, genes and antibodies, luminescent ND particles used in fluorescent labelling, filler or reinforcement for nanocomposites, etc.…”