Nanodiamond for intracellular imaging in the microorganisms in vivo

Abstract

Nanodiamond (ND) has great potential for bio labeling and drug delivery. In this work, the biocompatibility and bio labeling of ND are demonstrated via the interaction with cells and microorganisms, protists microorganisms Paramecium caudatum and Tetrahymena thermophile, in vitro and in vivo. We found the microorganism's living functions are not significantly affected by ND. The NDs were found entering the food vacuoles and later excreted by the microorganisms. The 5 nm ND was found more toxic compared to 100 nm ND, presumably due to the surface disordered carbons. Our results demonstrated nanodiamond can be used in bio imaging and matter delivery. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Nanodiamond decorated liposomes as highly biocompatible delivery vehicles and a comparison with carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Recently, ND has been shown to be a highly biocompatible drug carrier. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Being a sp 3 carbon based material, the surface property of ND is quite different from its sp 2 counterparts. While remarkable progresses have been made on the application side, fundamental interactions at the bio/nano interface are still not fully understood.…”

Nanodiamonds as Intracellular Probes for Imaging in Biology and Medicine

“…Smaller DNDs show higher toxicity toward human cells than larger HPHT NDs (Fig. 6), evidenced by effects on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolic activity Thomas et al 2012;Lin et al 2012;Chao et al 2007;Burleson et al 2009). This phenomenon can be explained not only by the different sizes (and surface areas) of the particles but also by the presence of reactive disordered carbon structures on the surfaces of DNDs, which contrasts with the highly ordered (and oxidized) sp 3 carbons on HPHT NDs Lin et al 2012).…”

“…The comparative toxicities of different ND types have been intensively studied Thomas et al 2012;Lin et al 2012;Chao et al 2007;Burleson et al 2009). ND toxicity depends on many factors, including production process, concentration and incubation time.…”

Recent Developments and Applications of Nanodiamonds as Versatile Bioimaging Agents

“…Lin et al 52 reported that NDs of~140 nm in size could enter the food vacuoles of the microorganisms but later were excreted. Interestingly, the biological functions (such as cell division) of the living unicellular organisms were not significantly affected by the presence of NDs.…”