New Phaeoacremonium species isolated from sandalwood trees in Western Australia

Abstract

Thirty-eight Phaeoacremonium isolates collected from pruning wounds of tropical sandalwood in Western Australia were studied with morphological and cultural characteristics as well as phylogenetic analyses of combined DNA sequences of the actin and β-tubulin genes. Three known Phaeoacremonium species were found, namely P. alvesii, P. parasiticum, and P. venezuelense. Phaeoacremonium venezuelense represents a new record for Australia. Two new species are described: P. luteum sp. nov. can be identified by the ability to produce yellow pigment on MEA, PDA, and OA, the predominance of subcylindrical to subulate type II phialides, and the mycelium showing prominent exudate droplets observed as warts; and P. santali sp. nov. which can be separated from other species producing pink colonies on MEA by the predominance of type I and II phialides, the distinct brownish olive colonies in OA, and slow growth.

Phaeoacremonium italicum sp. nov., associated with esca of grapevine in southern Italy

“…The Phaeoacremonium genus includes several species that are responsible for the esca and Petri diseases that cause grapevine decline worldwide (Essakhi et al 2008, Graham et al 2009, Gramaje et al 2009). Esca symptoms on leaves consist of intervein regions of chlorotic and yellowish tissue that turn yellow-brown or red-brown and which also have been described as ''tiger stripes'' (Essakhi et al 2008).…”

Phaeoacremonium: From esca disease to phaeohyphomycosis

“…An update of the list of known Phaeoacremonium species isolated from agricultural environments and their worldwide distribution published by Mostert et al (2006) and Gramaje et al (2014) is shown in Table 1. Fourtytwo Phaeoacremonium species have been isolated from woody plants.…”

“…DNA phylogenies based on the internal transcribed spacers (ITS 1 and 2) and 5.8 S rRNA gene, and b-tubulin, actin and calmodulin gene regions have been used in various studies to aid in the determination of new species of Phaeoacremonium (Dupont et al 2000;Groenewald et al 2001;Mostert et al 2005Mostert et al , 2006Damm et al 2008;Essakhi et al 2008;Graham et al 2009;Gramaje et al 2009bGramaje et al , 2014. Fig 7 illustrates the phylogeny of 43 of the Phaeoacremonium species in a combined btubulin and actin analysis.…”

“…The identification of Phaeoacremonium isolates from plant hosts to species level are commonly done by sequencing multiple genes (Groenewald et al 2001;Mostert et al 2005Mostert et al , 2006Damm et al 2008;Essakhi et al 2008;Graham et al 2009;Gramaje et al 2009bGramaje et al , 2014Urbez-Torres et al 2014) or by comparing only b-tubulin gene sequences (Moyo et al 2014). Phaeoacremonium isolates obtained from human infections are identified using either b-tubulin gene sequences (Baddley et al 2006 Since it is known that ITS does not distinguish all species of Phaeoacremonium (Mostert et al 2005;, the use of this gene region alone is not advised.…”

“…are currently recognized (Crous et al 1996;Dupont et al 2000;Groenewald et al 2001;Mostert et al 2005Mostert et al , 2006Damm et al 2008;Essakhi et al 2008;Graham et al 2009;Gramaje et al 2009bGramaje et al , 2012Gramaje et al , 2014Raimondo et al 2014;Urbez-Torres et al 2014). These include five species described as Togninia spp.…”