New Perspectives on Gender and Emotion

McCormick, Kaitlin; MacArthur, Heather J.; Shields, Stephanie A.; Dicicco, Elaine C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32141-7_13

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Indeed, a final potential explanation for not finding race differences among our target evaluations is that expressions of anger in a job candidate, wherein an individual is in a position of low power and is seeking approval from an interviewer, may be perceived as particularly counter-normative for White women, who are expected to be “communal,” and stereotype confirming for Black women, who are expected to be “angry.” In both cases, violating or confirming a stereotype may lead to equal status penalties relative to “angry” men. Given that previous research has found that women of different races are perceived as similarly competent even when they have different stereotypes (see McCormick-Huhn et al, 2016 ), it is possible that our findings demonstrate that this pattern also holds when women of different racial groups are accorded status. Moreover, our findings are in line with recent research indicating that the link between violating or conforming to stereotypes and status conferral is complex and new theoretical models (e.g., intersectional theory) are needed to better track potential associations (e.g., Crenshaw, 1993 ; Brescoll, 2016 ; McCormick-Huhn et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Given that previous research has found that women of different races are perceived as similarly competent even when they have different stereotypes (see McCormick-Huhn et al, 2016), it is possible that our findings demonstrate that this pattern also holds when women of different racial groups are accorded status. Moreover, our findings are in line with recent research indicating that the link between violating or conforming to stereotypes and status conferral is complex and new theoretical models (e.g., intersectional theory) are needed to better track potential associations (e.g., Crenshaw, 1993;Brescoll, 2016;McCormick-Huhn et al, 2016). Taken together, our results lend tentative evidence suggesting that regardless of race, women who express anger are penalized relative to men who express anger.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Additionally, one study found that although angry Black women were perceived as more aggressive and hostile than angry White women, both groups were viewed as equally competent (for discussion see McCormick-Huhn et al, 2016). In the current study, it is possible that all angry women were accorded less status because of specific stereotypes associated with their respective racial groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Workplace Anger Costs Women Irrespective of Race

et al. 2020

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The current research investigated the role that a person's race, gender, and emotional expressions play in workplace evaluations of their competence and status. Previous research demonstrates that women who express anger in the workplace are penalized, whereas men are not, and may even be rewarded. Workplace sanctions against angry women are often attributed to a backlash resulting from the violation of gender stereotypes. However, gender stereotypes may differ by race. The present study addressed this question using a between-subjects experimental design where participants (N = 630) read a vignette describing a new employee, which varied with respect to the employee's race (White, Black, Asian, and Latino/a/x), gender (male and female), and a prior emotional response (anger and sadness). Participants then evaluated the employee's competence and status. Findings revealed that men and women were both viewed as more competent when expressing anger relative to sadness, and this pattern did not differ across employee race. However, despite anger being associated with greater competence, women who violated stereotypes (i.e., expressed anger) were accorded lower status than stereotype-inconsistent (sad) men. Furthermore, exploratory analyses revealed that this pattern was consistent regardless of target and participant race. The current study replicates and extends previous research by employing an intersectional perspective and using a large, ethnically diverse sample to explore the interaction between gender and emotional expression on workplace evaluations across races.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Workplace Anger Costs Women Irrespective of Race

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, girls were more aroused than boys from the vision of fear expressions. As suggested by studies on gender and emotion (Brody and Hall, 2008 ; McCormick et al, 2016 ) it could be that females more accurately display gender-stereotypic expressions, that is they can express fear and happiness more accurately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions Among Italian Pre-adolescents, and Their Affective Reactions

et al. 2018

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The recognition of emotional facial expressions is a central aspect for an effective interpersonal communication. This study aims to investigate whether changes occur in emotion recognition ability and in the affective reactions (self-assessed by participants through valence and arousal ratings) associated with the viewing of basic facial expressions during preadolescence (n = 396, 206 girls, aged 11–14 years, Mage = 12.73, DS = 0.91). Our results confirmed that happiness is the best recognized emotion during preadolescence. However, a significant decrease in recognition accuracy across age emerged for fear expressions. Moreover, participants' affective reactions elicited by the vision of happy facial expressions resulted to be the most pleasant and arousing compared to the other emotional expressions. On the contrary, the viewing of sadness was associated with the most negative affective reactions. Our results also revealed a developmental change in participants' affective reactions to the stimuli. Implications are discussed by taking into account the role of emotion recognition as one of the main factors involved in emotional development.

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“…First, our sample consisted of a majority of White, college-educated, heterosexual, middle-aged women. White women do not contend with the same stereotypes that women of color face (e.g., angry Black woman), which can affect the interpretation of items such as emotional control (McCormick et al, 2016). PBC may also be a more salient barrier in samples of women with a low socioeconomic status and with limited access to resources needed (e.g., childcare) to engage in couple therapy.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining the Relationship: Relational Schemas and Women’s Intent to Seek Couple Therapy

Spiker

Berney

Hammer

et al. 2020

The Counseling Psychologist

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Women face more negative health outcomes than men due to relationship distress, but little is understood about why heterosexual women do or do not seek couple therapy. The present study addressed this gap by using the theory of planned behavior within an alternative structural equation modeling framework to examine the links between relational schemas and intention to seek couple therapy in a sample of heterosexual women ( N = 302) who were unhappy in their romantic relationships. Women who suppressed their own needs (i.e., self-silence), defined themselves in the context of important relationships (i.e., relational-interdependent self-construal), valued not asking for help (i.e., self-reliance), and preferred not to disclose their feelings (i.e., emotional control) were both less and more likely to intend to seek couple therapy. Results illustrate how relational schemas create conflicting messages for women about seeking couple therapy.

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New Perspectives on Gender and Emotion

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Workplace Anger Costs Women Irrespective of Race

Workplace Anger Costs Women Irrespective of Race

Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions Among Italian Pre-adolescents, and Their Affective Reactions

Maintaining the Relationship: Relational Schemas and Women’s Intent to Seek Couple Therapy

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