New Perspectives in Amblyopia Therapy on Adults: A Critical Role for the Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance

Baroncelli, Laura; Maffei, Lamberto; Sale, Alessandro

doi:10.3389/fncel.2011.00025

Cited by 66 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Interestingly, a broadening of neuronal tuning is consistent with the reduced GABAergic inhibition (42), which is thought to accompany plasticity. This is supported by evidence in animal models (55,56) and by MR Spectroscopy in humans where some of us demonstrated that short-term MD induces a change of resting GABA concentration (26). The GABA reduction correlated with the psychophysical estimates of ocular dominance shift, measured for central vision with binocular rivalry (26).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Short-term plasticity of the human adult visual cortex measured with 7T BOLD

Binda

Kurzawski

Lunghi

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Primary visual cortex is considered to be resilient to plastic changes in adults -particularly ocular dominance, which appears to be hard-wired after the end of the critical period. We show that shortterm (2h) monocular deprivation unexpectedly shifts ocular dominance in favor of the deprived eye: contrary to common belief. The plastic response of V1 (measured with 7T fMRI) consists of a homeostatic increase of the deprived-eye BOLD response, a shift of V1 ocular dominance and a decrease of spatial frequency selectivity for the deprived eye. These effects reliably predict the robust perceptual changes induced by deprivation at the individual participant level. Our results indicate that primary visual cortex retains a high potential for homeostatic plasticity in the human adult. Significance statementPlasticity, the brain reorganization in response to deprivation, is maximum during development but decreases in adulthood, particularly in primary sensory areas. Here we show, for the first time, that short-term sensory deprivation in human adults transiently changes key functional properties of primary visual cortex. Our participants applied a translucent patch on one eye for 2h, after which two key properties of V1 (measured with ultra-high field fMRI) were systematically changed:All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Short-term plasticity of the human adult visual cortex measured with 7T BOLD

Binda

Kurzawski

Lunghi

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Three major approaches are currently being pursued to improve the prognosis for the recovery of vision in adult patients, all exploiting knowledge of synaptic plasticity: first, finding ways to re-establish the conditions required for juvenile plasticity in the adult cortex [73]; second, exploiting the principles of metaplasticity to encourage the potentiation of synaptic inputs that have withered as a consequence of longterm deprivation [69,74,75]; and third, providing appropriate sensory experience through deprived, and perhaps nondeprived eyes, to induce plasticity that will maximally drive recovery of function [76]. This third approach attempts to exploit a pervasive and fascinating category of sensory plasticity known as perceptual learning [77].…”

Section: Ocular Dominance Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How the mechanisms of long-term synaptic potentiation and depression serve experience-dependent plasticity in primary visual cortex

Cooke

Bear

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

108

115

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Donald Hebb chose visual learning in primary visual cortex (V1) of the rodent to exemplify his theories of how the brain stores information through long-lasting homosynaptic plasticity. Here, we revisit V1 to consider roles for bidirectional ‘Hebbian’ plasticity in the modification of vision through experience. First, we discuss the consequences of monocular deprivation (MD) in the mouse, which have been studied by many laboratories over many years, and the evidence that synaptic depression of excitatory input from the thalamus is a primary contributor to the loss of visual cortical responsiveness to stimuli viewed through the deprived eye. Second, we describe a less studied, but no less interesting form of plasticity in the visual cortex known as stimulus-selective response potentiation (SRP). SRP results in increases in the response of V1 to a visual stimulus through repeated viewing and bears all the hallmarks of perceptual learning. We describe evidence implicating an important role for potentiation of thalamo-cortical synapses in SRP. In addition, we present new data indicating that there are some features of this form of plasticity that cannot be fully accounted for by such feed-forward Hebbian plasticity, suggesting contributions from intra-cortical circuit components.

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“…Developmental strengthening of local inhibitory circuits contributes to the termination of the critical period for ODP (17,(44)(45)(46), and experimental reduction of the inhibitory tone partially restores ODP in older rodents (47)(48)(49)(50). Thus, it is possible that the preserved juvenile-like ODP in adult PSD-95 KO mice was the result of a reduction in inhibitory tone.…”

Section: Development Of Local Inhibitory Tone Onto L2/3 Pyramidal Neumentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive maturation of silent synapses governs the duration of a critical period

Huang

Stodieck

Goetze

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

172

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During critical periods, all cortical neural circuits are refined to optimize their functional properties. The prevailing notion is that the balance between excitation and inhibition determines the onset and closure of critical periods. In contrast, we show that maturation of silent glutamatergic synapses onto principal neurons was sufficient to govern the duration of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the visual cortex of mice. Specifically, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) was absolutely required for experience-dependent maturation of silent synapses, and its absence before the onset of critical periods resulted in lifelong juvenile ocular dominance plasticity. Loss of PSD-95 in the visual cortex after the closure of the critical period reinstated silent synapses, resulting in reopening of juvenile-like ocular dominance plasticity. Additionally, silent synapse-based ocular dominance plasticity was largely independent of the inhibitory tone, whose developmental maturation was independent of PSD-95. Moreover, glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto parvalbumin-positive interneurons was unaltered in PSD-95 KO mice. These findings reveal not only that PSD-95-dependent silent synapse maturation in visual cortical principal neurons terminates the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity but also indicate that, in general, once silent synapses are consolidated in any neural circuit, initial experience-dependent functional optimization and critical periods end.

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New Perspectives in Amblyopia Therapy on Adults: A Critical Role for the Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance

Cited by 66 publications

References 79 publications

Short-term plasticity of the human adult visual cortex measured with 7T BOLD

Short-term plasticity of the human adult visual cortex measured with 7T BOLD

How the mechanisms of long-term synaptic potentiation and depression serve experience-dependent plasticity in primary visual cortex

Progressive maturation of silent synapses governs the duration of a critical period

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