New Paramagnetic Susceptibility Thermometers for Fundamental Physics Measurements

Sergatskov, Dmitri; Day, Peter; Бабкин, А. В.; Nelson, R.C.; McCarson, T. D.; Boyd, S. T. P.; Duncan, R. V.

doi:10.1063/1.1627261

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Here, primary thermometers using different principles in the low-temperature range, such as those based on shot noise measurement [8], magnetic noise measurement [9], and nuclear orientation measurement [10,11] have been realized. In particular, ultra-high-sensitivity temperature measurements have been reported that exploit the polarizability of paramagnetic materials [12,13]. Moreover, recent progress in nanotechnology has led to the development of new small thermometer devices that can make local temperature measurements by using, for example, NV centers in a diamond [3,5], quantum dots [14,15], single-electron transistors [16], Coulomb blockade [17], superconducting junctions [18][19][20], and quantum two-level systems in superconducting microresonators [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicrometer-scale temperature sensing using quantum coherence of a superconducting qubit

et al. 2023

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Interest is growing in the development of quantum sensing based on the principles of quantum mechanics, such as discrete energy levels, quantum superposition, and quantum entanglement. Superconducting flux qubits are quantum two-level systems whose energy is sensitive to a magnetic field. Therefore, they can be used as high-sensitivity magnetic field sensors that detect the magnetization of a spin ensemble. Since the magnetization depends on temperature and the magnetic field, the temperature can be determined by measuring the magnetization using the flux qubit. In this study, we demonstrated highly sensitive temperature sensing with high spatial resolution as an application of a magnetic field sensor using the quantum coherence of a superconducting flux qubit. By using a superconducting flux qubit to detect the temperature dependence of the polarization ratio of electron spins in nano-diamond particles, we succeeded in measuring the temperature with a sensitivity of 1.3 μK/√Hz at T=9.1 mK in the submicrometer range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicrometer-scale temperature sensing using quantum coherence of a superconducting qubit

et al. 2023

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Noise Immunity of High-Precision Low-Temperature Experiments

2007

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Nano-Kelvin Thermometry and Temperature Control: Beyond the Thermal Noise Limit

et al. 2014

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We demonstrate thermometry with a resolution of 80 nK= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p using an isotropic crystalline whispering-gallery mode resonator based on a dichroic dual-mode technique. We simultaneously excite two modes that have a mode frequency ratio that is very close to two (AE0.3 ppm). The wavelength and temperature dependence of the refractive index means that the frequency difference between these modes is an ultrasensitive proxy of the resonator temperature. This approach to temperature sensing automatically suppresses sensitivity to thermal expansion and vibrationally induced changes of the resonator. We also demonstrate active suppression of temperature fluctuations in the resonator by controlling the intensity of the driving laser. The residual temperature fluctuations are shown to be below the limits set by fundamental thermodynamic fluctuations of the resonator material. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.160801 PACS numbers: 07.20.Dt, 42.60.Da, 42.62.Fi The high-resolution measurement of energy has long fascinated humans with its culmination seen in ultra-highsensitivity calorimeters [1,2] and bolometers [3]. These and related ideas have found a broad range of applications, including bolometric superconducting photon counters for quantum communication [4] and ultrasensitive radio astronomy [5,6]. The record for absolute thermometric sensitivity has been realized at cryogenic temperatures, achieving better than 100 pK= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p [7]. In this Letter, we develop a new method to measure temperature based on excitation of two well-separated modes in a millimeter-scale whispering-gallery (WG) optical resonator. WG mode resonators have exceptionally high Q factors and can provide the potential of providing high-stability microwave and optical signals [8][9][10][11][12]. Recently, they have been applied to high-sensitivity label-free sensors for molecules and viruses [13,14] and for optical comb generation [15]. Nonetheless, an issue that afflicts all of these applications is the high temperature sensitivity of WG resonators [12,16], particularly when compared to conventional vacuum-spaced Fabry-Perot resonators [17][18][19][20][21]. In this Letter, we turn this problem to our advantage by using the WG resonator as an ultrasensitive thermometer.To suppress unwanted temperature fluctuations in WG resonators, several groups have demonstrated in situ thermometry by measuring the frequency difference between two orthogonally polarized modes. The best of these techniques have demonstrated a resolution of ∼100 nK= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p [22], and subsequent temperature stabilization based on this sensing has resulted in improvement to the long-term frequency stability [23,24]. In contrast, we present a two-color approach to measure the resonator temperature with high resolution. In comparison to the birefringent dual-mode technique, our approach can be used in both anisotropic and isotropic resonators, which expands the range of material candidates. Isotropic materials have shown the highest Q facto...

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New Paramagnetic Susceptibility Thermometers for Fundamental Physics Measurements

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Submicrometer-scale temperature sensing using quantum coherence of a superconducting qubit

Submicrometer-scale temperature sensing using quantum coherence of a superconducting qubit

Noise Immunity of High-Precision Low-Temperature Experiments

Nano-Kelvin Thermometry and Temperature Control: Beyond the Thermal Noise Limit

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