New paleomagnetic results from the Lhasa block: Revised estimation of latitudinal shortening across Tibet and implications for dating the India–Asia collision

A tectonic model reconciling evidence for the collisions between India, Eurasia and intra-oceanic arcs of the central-eastern Tethys

“…These are all considerably further south than the majority of paleolatitudes reported for the Eurasian margin for the same time period, indicating that India and Eurasia did not collide in pre-Eocene times. For example, the Linzizong Volcanics along the southern Lhasa terrane record paleolatitudes of 21-27°N (Tan et al, 2010), 22.8 ± 4.2°N (DupontNivet et al, 2010 and 20 ± 4°N (Huang et al, 2013), or even ~12. 5°N (Achache et al, 1984) and ~14.4 ± 5.…”

Paleomagnetic results from the Early Cretaceous Lakang Formation lavas: Constraints on the paleolatitude of the Tethyan Himalaya and the India–Asia collision

“…However, considering that compaction-induced inclination shallowing is still a critical and unresolved problem for the validity of paleomagnetic data from redbeds (e.g., Sun et al, 2006;Tan et al, 2010;Li et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2013;Lippert et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2014;Ding et al, 2015), in this study we only consider reliable volcanic paleomagnetic data sets. Four available Early Cretaceous poles have been obtained from volcanic rocks (Table 1).…”

Insights on the kinematics of the India‐Eurasia collision from global geodynamic models

“…[6] In addition to the uncertain size of Greater India, the pre-collision margin of Eurasia is poorly understood. New paleomagnetic data, corrected for sediment compaction and inclination shallowing [Tan et al, 2010], suggest that models such as Lee and Lawver [1995] place the Lhasa terrane, forming the active pre-collision margin, up to $10 too far south, indicating that early contact at $55 Ma between a maximum extent Greater India and southward-displaced Lhasa may be problematic. Paleomagnetic studies which show an initial overlap between apparent polar wander paths of India with respect to Asia suggest contact at 46 AE 8 Ma [Dupont-Nivet et al, 2010] or as late as $43 Ma [Tan et al, 2010], indicating that collision timing derived from paleomagnetic data has large inherent uncertainties and cannot be used alone to define the initial timing of continent-continent collision.…”

“…New paleomagnetic data, corrected for sediment compaction and inclination shallowing [Tan et al, 2010], suggest that models such as Lee and Lawver [1995] place the Lhasa terrane, forming the active pre-collision margin, up to $10 too far south, indicating that early contact at $55 Ma between a maximum extent Greater India and southward-displaced Lhasa may be problematic. Paleomagnetic studies which show an initial overlap between apparent polar wander paths of India with respect to Asia suggest contact at 46 AE 8 Ma [Dupont-Nivet et al, 2010] or as late as $43 Ma [Tan et al, 2010], indicating that collision timing derived from paleomagnetic data has large inherent uncertainties and cannot be used alone to define the initial timing of continent-continent collision. Reconstructing the geometry of Greater India and Lhasa as proposed by Lee and Lawver [1995] shows that initial contact occurs between 54 and 49 Ma across the five different rotation models (italic values in Table 1 and Figure 3), which highlights the model-dependence of interpretations based on rotation models to infer collision timing (Figure 2).…”