“…On the other hand, when the concentration equals the CEC of Mt, the basal spacing of the formed OC gradually increases as the CEC increases from 44 to 138 meq/100 g. Thus, the larger the CEC of the Mt component, the greater is the amount of intercalated HDTMA + . The observed increase in basal spacings of the OMt may be explained in terms of the intercalation of HDTMA + as a lateral bilayer (d 001~1 .8 nm), a pseudotrilayer (d 001~2 .0 nm), or a paraffin monolayer (d 001~2 .2 nm) (Choy et al, 1997;Lagaly, 1981;Lambert and Bergaya, 2013;Theng et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2003). The XRD patterns of HDTMAB-modified clay minerals formed at a HDTMAB concentration of 1.5 CEC and 2.0 CEC show a sudden steep increase in basal spacing for Mt with a CEC of N 80 meq/100 g, from 2.0-2.5 nm to 3.2-3.8 nm at 1.5 CEC and to 3.5-4.0 nm at 2.0 CEC (Fig.…”