Changes in the morphology of organoclays with HDTMA+ surfactant loading

The influence of alkyl chain length on surfactant distribution within organo-montmorillonites and their thermal stability

“…As reported in the literature [14,29], more than 1 9 CEC surfactant was loaded when the maximum basal spacing reached. The surfactant can be loaded by two different styles, i.e., surfactant cations and surfactant molecules (ionic pairs) [30], and they can occupy both the interlayer spaces of clay minerals and the interparticle pores within ''house-of-cards'' structure [6,31,32].…”

“…Various structural models of organoclays have been proposed by using experimental technologies (e.g. XRD, FTIR, NMR, and TEM) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and molecular modelling methods [15][16][17]. And their thermal stabilities have been examined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], TGA combined with infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (TGA-FTIR-MS) [26,27], and TGA combined with pyrolysis/ GC-MS [28].…”

Montmorillonite as a multifunctional adsorbent can simultaneously remove crystal violet, cetyltrimethylammonium, and 2-naphthol from water

“…The potential arrangements of intercalated organic cations were proposed according to the obtained basal spacing of organoclays and the size of organic cations (He et al, 2006;Xi et al, 2005). In this work, the XRD patterns of both dry and water saturated organoclays were obtained (Fig.…”

“…1), and accordingly the basal spacings were calculated (Table 1S). According to previous studies (He et al, 2006;Xi et al, 2005), CTMA should first adopt lateral-monolayer arrangement and then lateral-bilayer arrangement within the interlayer space of dry CA-Mt, as its loading level increased from 0.2 CEC to 0.6 CEC. Water saturated CA-Mt has larger basal spacing than the corresponding dry CA-Mt and the wet Mt, consistent with previous studies (Zhu et al, 2011), indicating the incorporation of large amount of water molecules to the interlayer space of the wet samples.…”

Silylation of montmorillonite surfaces: Dependence on solvent nature

“…The methods used for modifying clay minerals mainly include exchange of the inherent interlayer cations with cationic surfactants [8,9], grafting clay minerals surfaces with silanes [10][11][12], and using silanes as silicon source in the synthesis of clay minerals [13,14]. Silane grafting, also known as silylation, was proven to be an efficient method to modify clay minerals surfaces.…”