New organic inorganic sol–gel material with high transparency at 1.55μm

Oubaha, Mohamed; Kribich, R.; Copperwhite, R.; Etienne, Pascal; O’Dwyer, Kieran; MacCraith, Brian D.; Moreau, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2005.05.008

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Among these materials, photopatternable organo-siloxane polymers [10][11][12][13][14][15] have been investigated for the development of channel waveguides for application in the telecommunication field. In this context, the structure that provides the lowest propagation losses [16] is similar to that of an optical fibre (a core surrounded by a cladding). Within such structures, the propagation of the light can be affected by scattering and/or absorption processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, many studies [16][17][18] were focussed on the development of sol-gel materials with high transparency at the telecommunications wavelengths. However, none of these studies focussed on the fundamental understanding of the photopolymerisation processes involved during the waveguide formation, nor on the nature or the concentration of the photoinitiators used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waveguide fabrication in UV-photocurable sol–gel materials: Influence of the photoinitiating system

et al. 2008

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In this paper we identify and explain the different chemical interactions involved between a sol-gel matrix and photoinitiators used in the fabrication of optical waveguides. A well-established sol-gel matrix composed of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, zirconium n-propoxide and methacrylic acid was developed, and two different photoinitiators (Irgacure® 819 and 1800) were added to the host matrix. Optical microscopy was used to characterise the structure of the waveguides as a function of the photoinitiator nature and concentration, and aging of the hybrid sol-gel material. It is clearly demonstrated that the width of the waveguides is strongly influenced by the sol aging. Furthermore, it is shown that degradation of photoinitiators occurs during the sol-gel process. Oxidation of the phosphonyl groups by the zirconium complex accounts for this results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveguide fabrication in UV-photocurable sol–gel materials: Influence of the photoinitiating system

et al. 2008

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“…Both inorganic and organic parts form the basis of a co-hybrid material, which co-exist in a sub-micron biphasic system. The contribution of both of these phases results in this material whose properties have been extensively studied previously as photo-patternable channel waveguides with a low refractive index for use in optoelectronic communications 24,25 .…”

Section: Planar and 3-d Photopatterned Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-patternable hybrid ionogels for electrochromic applications

et al. 2011

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“…It is also highly desirable that the process is industrially compatible and amenable to high volume low cost manufacturing. It has been demonstrated in many papers that these requirements are easily achieved using photocurable hybrid sol-gel materials in a photolithography process Coudray et al 1998;Copperwhite et al 2008;Oubaha et al 2006;Oubaha et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%