New modelling and analysis methods for concrete armour unit systems using FEMDEM

Latham, John; Anastasaki, Eleni; Xiang, Jiansheng

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.03.001

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the contrary, prototype conditions usually involve placement grids, crawler cranes, blind underwater placement and other restrictions that generate uncertain armour porosities and these may significantly change in space and time (see Medina et al, 2010, andLatham et al, 2013). In this paper, the literature review is focused on armour porosity and its influence on hydraulic stability.…”

Section: Literature On the Influence Of Armour Porosity On Hydraulic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structural integrity is a key issue when using these bulky units as are adequate placement and packing density to guarantee interlocking of units during service time (see Jensen, 2013, andLatham et al, 2013). In the preliminary design phase, armour porosity and placement technique are usually considered as secondary factors, which are either explicitly prescribed (see Mouquet, 2009, andPaulsen andWareing, 2009) for single-layer armours or implicitly defined by engineering manuals (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of armour porosity on the hydraulic stability of cube armour layers

2014

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Armour placement and packing density directly affect construction costs and hydraulic performance of mound breakwaters. In this paper, the literature concerning the influence of armour porosity on the hydraulic stability of single-and double-layer armours is discussed.Qualitative and quantitative estimations for the influence of armour porosity and packing density on the hydraulic stability are given for the most common concrete armour units. The analysis focuses on specific 2D hydraulic stability tests of double-layer cube armours with different armour porosities and permeable core. The packing density showed a 1.2-power relationship with the stability number for cube units. The literature review and experimental results with small-scale breakwater models protected with a variety of armour units clearly indicate that a significant increase in armour porosity above the recommended values substantially decreases armour hydraulic stability. To avoid uncontrolled model effects, packing density should be routinely measured in small-scale tests, and armour placement techniques should be monitored at prototype scale. The actual packing density obtained in small-scale models and prototypes has to be explicitly reported, because packing density significantly affects hydraulic stability during service time. Key words:Breakwater, Heterogeneous Packing, Armour porosity, Packing density, Armour damage, Hydraulic stability, Armour unit, Cubic block. Highlights:(1) Armour porosity affects the hydraulic stability of armour layers. 1(2) Armour porosity or packing density is rarely included in armour stability formulae.(3) Packing density of randomly-placed double-layer cube armours is a relevant design factor affecting hydraulic stability and construction costs.(4) A significant 1.2-power relationship has been found between the stability number and packing density for double-layer cube armours.(5) The packing density of the armour layer has to be explicitly reported in small-scale tests and monitored at prototype scale.

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Section: Literature On the Influence Of Armour Porosity On Hydraulic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of armour porosity on the hydraulic stability of cube armour layers

2014

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“…with prototype dimensions). It also allows for these systems of units to be both built and analysed with a new set of methods and tools customised for coastal structure applications (Anastasaki et al, 2015;Latham et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major preliminary part of this research on armour layer simulation was devoted to the development of a method for the numerical placement of CORE-LOC units (referred to in this paper as Core-Loc or CL) on a single layer of a breakwater as first described by Anastasaki et al (2013) and Latham et al (2013) and further illustrated by Anastasaki et al (2015). The placement method was designed so that it could be applied to all types of single-layer concrete units for which an 'irregular' placement pattern, in terms of orientations and interlocking, is critical or high priority for the concept underlying the unit's design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical test for single concrete armour layer on breakwaters

Anastasaki¹,

Latham²,

Xiang³

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Maritime En

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The ability of concrete armour units for breakwaters to interlock and form an integral single layer is important for withstanding severe wave conditions. In reality, displacements take place under wave loading, whether they are small and insignificant or large and representing serious structural damage. In this work, a code that combines finiteand discrete-element methods which can simulate motion and interaction among units was used to conduct a numerical investigation. Various concrete armour layer structures were built using a carefully researched placement technique and then subjected to a boundary vibration. By analysing the displacements and assessing the number of units that were displaced by more than one-third their nominal size, the numerical test programme indicated clearly that the initial build packing density was the most important parameter influencing the stability of concrete armour layers under vibration. The size of the underlayer rock and the type of unit also affected the numerical performance of the single-layer concrete armour systems under vibration. The results presented are for full-scale systems and therefore add further insights into simple laboratory 'shake tests', although the oscillatory loading in this study is acknowledged to be profoundly different to wave action.

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