New Middle Eocene Whales from the Pisco Basin of Peru

Uhen, Mark D.; Pyenson, Nicholas D.; DeVries, Thomas J.; Urbina, Mario; Renne, Paul R.

doi:10.1666/10-162.1

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…, Uhen , Uhen et al . , this study), all subfamiliar groupings in Protocetidae are abandoned here, following (Bianucci and Gingerich ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure depicts a phylogeny of select archaeocetes based on an analysis of a data matrix derived from that of Uhen et al . (), which is based on the matrix of Geisler et al . ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(), as modified by Uhen et al . (), with additional data from Bianucci and Gingerich () and Gol'din and Zvonok (). Vertebral and hind limb characteristics shown in Figure are mapped onto the phylogeny as shown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New material of Natchitochia jonesi and a comparison of the innominata and locomotor capabilities of Protocetidae

Uhen

2014

Marine Mammal Science

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New material of Natchitochia from the Bartonian Archusa Marl Member is described here, including thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, an innominate, proximal femur, and pedal? phalanx. The vertebrae and innominate are similar to those of Qaisracetus and Georgiacetus. The structure of the caudal vertebrae support previous observations that as sacral vertebrae disconnect from the sacrum, they become caudalized, developing hemal processes on the posteroventral margins of the bodies, reminiscent of chevron bones associated with true caudal vertebrae. The innominate of Natchitochia shares an elongate ilium and pubis with Qaisracetus and Georgiacetus, which differ from the innominata of the more apomorphic archaeocetes. Comparison of archaeocete innominata and sacra in a phylogenetic context indicates that the apomorphic sacrum composed of 4 vertebrae (Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rodhocetus, Maiacetus) was reduced to 3 (Qaisracetus) to 2 (Protocetus?, Natchitochia) to 0 (Georgiacetus, Basilosauridae), while the innominata remained robust, supporting a large hind limb until the origin of the Basilosauridae. In Georgiacetus, the innominate is large but detached from the vertebral column, preventing the use of the hind limb in terrestrial locomotion. More crownward cetaceans for which the innominate is known display greatly reduced innominata and hind limbs are disconnected from the vertebral column.

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“…, Uhen , Uhen et al . , this study), all subfamiliar groupings in Protocetidae are abandoned here, following (Bianucci and Gingerich ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure depicts a phylogeny of select archaeocetes based on an analysis of a data matrix derived from that of Uhen et al . (), which is based on the matrix of Geisler et al . ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New material of Natchitochia jonesi and a comparison of the innominata and locomotor capabilities of Protocetidae

Uhen

2014

Marine Mammal Science

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“…Whales: Primitive archaeoceti toothed whales (the Pakicetidae, Ambulocetidae) were first recorded from the Thanetian/Ypresian (Early Eocene), and with the first radiation and Remingtoncetidae which developed in the Early to Middle Eocene (Figure 1) [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. During the early Middle Eocene (Lutetian) at least four whales (or groups) were present around the world, although again only in warm oceans, these being Ambulocetus, Indicatus, Maiacetus and Aegyptocetus [36][37][38]42,49].…”

Section: Early Prey Specializations In Megatooth Sharks and White Sharksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of white and megatooth sharks, and evidence for early predation on seals, sirenians, and whales

Diedrich¹

2013

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The early white shark Carcharodon Smith, 1838 with the fossil Carcharodon auriculatus (Blainville, 1818) and the extinct megatooth shark Otodus Agassiz, 1843 with species Otodus sokolovi (Jaeckel, 1895) were both present in the European proto North Sea Basin about 47.8-41.3 m.y. ago (Lutetian, early Middle Eocene), as well as in the Tethys realm around the Afican-Eurasian shallow marine habitats. Both top predators developed to be polyphyletic, with possible two different lamnid shark ancestors within the Early Paleocene to Early Eocene timespan with Carcharodon (white shark line-age) and Otodus (megatooth shark lineage). Their sawblade teeth developed during the early Paleogene as the result of adaptation to feeding on various marine new rising mammals, coinciding with three main waves of evolutionary emergence of seals, sirenians, and whales in parallel with the evolution of these large predatory sharks. Megatooth sharks specialized in hunting whales and sirenians only on the coastal shelves of warm oceans and disappeared globally in the Pleistocene due to climate change and ocean cooling. The cold-water adapted early white sharks have survived until the present day with body temperate change adaptation in warm to temperate oceans and are proposed to have specialized on coastal seal hunting already 50 m.y. ago.

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“…These modifications allowed cetaceans to become fully aquatic, and to colonize pelagic waters worldwide. Support for this model of functional shift/ geographic spread comes from the spatial distribution of cetacean fossils: from an early Eocene origin in the Indo-Pakistan region, cetaceans spread outward, achieving a southern temperate distribution (Köhler and Fordyce, 1997) and expanding into the tropical eastern Pacific (Uhen et al, 2011) by the late middle Eocene (Bartonian), and then extending to near-polar in the Priabonian (Mitchell, 1989;Uhen, 2010). Fluke-propelled pelagic cetaceans could exploit widely spaced, highly productive areas of upwelling -oceanic features that were, in turn, enhanced as ocean circulation patterns and global climate changed in response to the opening of the Southern Ocean and establishment of permanent ice on Antarctica (Berger, 2007;Pagani et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient marine isoscapes and isotopic evidence of bulk-feeding by Oligocene cetaceans

Clementz

Fordyce

Peek

et al. 2014

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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New Middle Eocene Whales from the Pisco Basin of Peru

Cited by 48 publications

References 55 publications

New material of Natchitochia jonesi and a comparison of the innominata and locomotor capabilities of Protocetidae

New material of Natchitochia jonesi and a comparison of the innominata and locomotor capabilities of Protocetidae

Evolution of white and megatooth sharks, and evidence for early predation on seals, sirenians, and whales

Ancient marine isoscapes and isotopic evidence of bulk-feeding by Oligocene cetaceans

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