Abstract:TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435.
AbstractNew methods have been developed to initialise a compositional model for a giant Middle East reservoir where the initial H 2 S mol% varies laterally from close to 0 to around 20 and vertically from close to 0 to around 20, being highest at the lower parts of the reservoir.Conventional initialisation methods assume equilibrium, assigning the same composition to any grid block at a given depth. Two different new method, triangulation and surface-fit, are used to… Show more
“…10,11,12,13 Sometimes a horizontal gradation can also be observed. 14,15,16,18 The last behavior has been found, for example, in several reservoirs in offshore oil fields in Brazilian coast.…”
Section: Compositional Variation In Reservoirsmentioning
fax 01-972-952-9435.
AbstractThere are several offshore oil fields where vertical and horizontal density variations can be found. In order to study this type of reservoir, conventional Black-Oil simulators with an option called API Tracking have been used. This option allows one to define a three-dimensional oil density distribution at the beginning of the simulation and track its variations due movement of oil in the reservoir.Streamline-based simulators can be much faster than conventional finite difference simulators when applied to large and heterogeneous models, which are exactly the most likely to have initial oil property variations. However, current streamline simulators don't have the API Tracking option and can only consider oil with uniform gravity throughout the reservoir.In this work, a 3D incompressible streamline simulator has been modified in order to model oil composition variations, like conventional simulators with API Tracking, keeping the advantages of the streamline method. Mathematically, this option is similar to considering miscible gas injection; this method could also be used to study injection and geological storage of CO 2 , for instance.To validate this work, comparisons were made between streamline and grid-based simulators. We analyzed saturation distributions and simulation run time using a fine-grid reservoir description, based on the SPE 10 model that represents a North Sea field. The results showed that API tracking can be used with streamline simulators with all the advantages of the method, including reduced run time in relation to conventional simulation, while giving similar results.
“…10,11,12,13 Sometimes a horizontal gradation can also be observed. 14,15,16,18 The last behavior has been found, for example, in several reservoirs in offshore oil fields in Brazilian coast.…”
Section: Compositional Variation In Reservoirsmentioning
fax 01-972-952-9435.
AbstractThere are several offshore oil fields where vertical and horizontal density variations can be found. In order to study this type of reservoir, conventional Black-Oil simulators with an option called API Tracking have been used. This option allows one to define a three-dimensional oil density distribution at the beginning of the simulation and track its variations due movement of oil in the reservoir.Streamline-based simulators can be much faster than conventional finite difference simulators when applied to large and heterogeneous models, which are exactly the most likely to have initial oil property variations. However, current streamline simulators don't have the API Tracking option and can only consider oil with uniform gravity throughout the reservoir.In this work, a 3D incompressible streamline simulator has been modified in order to model oil composition variations, like conventional simulators with API Tracking, keeping the advantages of the streamline method. Mathematically, this option is similar to considering miscible gas injection; this method could also be used to study injection and geological storage of CO 2 , for instance.To validate this work, comparisons were made between streamline and grid-based simulators. We analyzed saturation distributions and simulation run time using a fine-grid reservoir description, based on the SPE 10 model that represents a North Sea field. The results showed that API tracking can be used with streamline simulators with all the advantages of the method, including reduced run time in relation to conventional simulation, while giving similar results.
“…Many reservoirs have compositional oil variations in both the vertical and horizontal directions (Behrenbruch et al 1995;Pádua 1997Pádua , 1999Wenger et al 2002;Gibson et al 2006). Fig.…”
There are several oil fields offshore Brazil with horizontal oil density variations. API tracking, that is available in some commercial finite difference simulators, can deal with such cases by allowing definition of an initial oil gravity distribution and tracking variations of oil density, due to the movement of oil.Streamline-based simulators can be much faster than conventional finite difference simulators when applied to large and heterogeneous models. However, this approach is most accurate and efficient when it is assumed that the rock and fluids are incompressible. In previous work , an incompressible formulation for streamline simulation with an API Tracking option using two components in the oleic phase was presented.This paper presents a compressible formulation for streamlines that also considers API tracking. It extends the work of Cheng et al. (2006) and Osako and Datta-Gupta (2007) by consistently accounting for flux of mass and volume along streamlines. It was described how mass and volume can be mapped between the underlying grid and streamlines to minimize mass balance errors and how consideration of cumulative volume in a streamline can substitute for time-of-flight (Beraldo 2008).The method was implemented in a three-dimensional two-phase streamline-based simulator. Tests based on a Brazilian oilfield model and on the SPE10th Comparative Case demonstrate that the implementation can reproduce the results of a conventional simulator, while being substantially faster for finely-resolved models, even when compressibility is significant.
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