New Methods for Medicinal Chemistry - Universal Gene Cloning and Expression Systems for Production of Marine Bioactive Metabolites

Dunlap, Walter C.; Jaspars, Marcel; Hranueli, Daslav; Battershill, Christopher N.; Perić-Concha, Nataša; Žučko, Jurica; Wright, Stephen H.; Long, Paul F.

doi:10.2174/092986706776055643

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…The apparent high abundance of diatoms within this sponge was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy (with diatom autofluorescence highest in the illuminated periphery of the sponge) and by transmission electron microscopy (data not shown). Various bacterial types were also visible in 'bacteriocytes' (specialised cells housing endosymbiotic bacteria), as previously observed in other sponges (Ruetzler et al 2003, Dunlap et al 2006). …”

Section: Phylogenetic Comparisons Of Bacteria Associated With Cymbastsupporting

confidence: 78%

Comparisons of diversity of bacterial communities associated with three sessile marine eukaryotes

Longford¹,

Tujula²,

Crocetti³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

136

132

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Host-associated bacterial communities are potentially critical components of marine microbial diversity, yet our understanding of bacterial distribution on living surfaces lags behind that for planktonic communities. We used 16S rRNA gene library analysis to compare within-host (alpha) and between-host (beta) diversity among bacterial communities on 3 co-occurring marine eukaryotes from temperate Australia: the demosponge Cymbastela concentrica, the red macroalga Delisea pulchra and the green intertidal alga Ulva australis. The bacterial community on C. concentrica had high phylum-level diversity (7 phyla including 3 proteobacterial classes) but relatively low 'species' richness (estimated at 24 species). Among the algae, D. pulchra contained 7 phyla including an estimated 79 species, while the U. australis library yielded only 4 phyla with an estimated 36 species. Alpha-, Delta-and Gammaproteobacteria were well represented in all libraries, while Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes were relatively common on the 2 algae, but absent or rarely encountered in the sponge. At the phylum level, the community of C. concentrica largely mirrored that found in other marine sponges (e.g. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Nitrospira), although large numbers of diatoms and the presence of Verrucomicrobia were atypical. Overall, within-host (alpha) diversity was relatively high, at least for C. concentrica and D. pulchra, while between-host (beta) diversity depended heavily on the phylogenetic level examined. Generally, there was a remarkable lack of overlap at the species level. No species showed universal distribution across hosts, indicating high beta diversity at the species level. At the level of phyla, however, both universal (e.g. Proteobacteria) and distinct (e.g. Nitrospira) groups existed. This study is among the first to compare patterns of alpha and beta diversity for microbial communities associated with co-occurring marine eukaryotes. KEY WORDS: Bacterial communities · Diversity · Marine · Host organisms · Sponge · MacroalgaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Aquat Microb Ecol 48: 217-229, 2007 1999, Rappé et al. 2000, Venter et al. 2004, Rusch et al. 2007, with the alphaproteobacterial SAR 11 clade accounting for up to 50% of all microbial cells in ocean surface waters (Morris et al. 2002). Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are also extremely prevalent (Partensky et al. 1999, Scanlan & West 2002, while other frequently encountered marine taxa include the Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi (Giovannoni et al. 1996, Simon et al. 1999, Cottrell & Kirchman 2000, Venter et al. 2004, Giovannoni & Stingl 2005, Rusch et al. 2007). This apparent global distribution of various bacterial phyla (and even particular species, e.g. Mullins et al. 1995 suggests a reasonable degree of uniformity to marine bacterioplankton communities. Despite this overall uniformity, however, compositional differences have also been observe...

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Section: Phylogenetic Comparisons Of Bacteria Associated With Cymbastsupporting

confidence: 78%

Comparisons of diversity of bacterial communities associated with three sessile marine eukaryotes

Longford¹,

Tujula²,

Crocetti³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

136

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, even if the desired metabolite is produced by the sponge itself, microbial symbionts may still be of direct (e.g., by providing metabolic precursors) or indirect (e.g., by affecting general sponge health) significance (154 Metagenomics. One of the most exciting developments in molecular biology from a drug discovery perspective has been the advent of environmental genomics, or metagenomics (92,104,136,207,346,438). Metagenomics refers to the analysis of genome fragments from a complex microbial community and offers the potential for large-scale, sustainable production of bioactive metabolites, including those produced by uncultivated microorganisms.…”

Section: Methods For Accessing the Hidden Chemistry Of Marine Spongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sponge-Associated Microorganisms: Evolution, Ecology, and Biotechnological Potential

Taylor

Radax

Steger

et al. 2007

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,276

1,512

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SUMMARY Marine sponges often contain diverse and abundant microbial communities, including bacteria, archaea, microalgae, and fungi. In some cases, these microbial associates comprise as much as 40% of the sponge volume and can contribute significantly to host metabolism (e.g., via photosynthesis or nitrogen fixation). We review in detail the diversity of microbes associated with sponges, including extensive 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses which support the previously suggested existence of a sponge-specific microbiota. These analyses provide a suitable vantage point from which to consider the potential evolutionary and ecological ramifications of these widespread, sponge-specific microorganisms. Subsequently, we examine the ecology of sponge-microbe associations, including the establishment and maintenance of these sometimes intimate partnerships, the varied nature of the interactions (ranging from mutualism to host-pathogen relationships), and the broad-scale patterns of symbiont distribution. The ecological and evolutionary importance of sponge-microbe associations is mirrored by their enormous biotechnological potential: marine sponges are among the animal kingdom's most prolific producers of bioactive metabolites, and in at least some cases, the compounds are of microbial rather than sponge origin. We review the status of this important field, outlining the various approaches (e.g., cultivation, cell separation, and metagenomics) which have been employed to access the chemical wealth of sponge-microbe associations.

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“…The intrinsic peculiarity of secondary metabolites is their very low level in natural resources and it is a great problem to use the marine substances directly for bioassays and therapy. The strategies currently taken into account to resolve this aspect include a higher production based on biosynthesis, gene cloning and expression systems for obtaining secondary metabolites deriving from symbiotic associations [24], cultures of marine microorganisms as new sources of a low but growing number of biologically active compounds [25]. In this context, marine fungi are a source of some molecules showing inhibition to P. falciparum [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Marine Natural Products with Antimalarial Activity

Mancini¹,

Guella²,

Defant

2008

MRMC

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New Methods for Medicinal Chemistry - Universal Gene Cloning and Expression Systems for Production of Marine Bioactive Metabolites

Cited by 14 publications

References 133 publications

Comparisons of diversity of bacterial communities associated with three sessile marine eukaryotes

Comparisons of diversity of bacterial communities associated with three sessile marine eukaryotes

Sponge-Associated Microorganisms: Evolution, Ecology, and Biotechnological Potential

Synthesis of Marine Natural Products with Antimalarial Activity

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