New Method to Prepare the Lowest Eutectic Mixture of MTNP/DNTF and Its Properties

Kou, Yong; Song, Xiaolan; Guo, Kaige; Wang, Y.

doi:10.1134/s0010508222010087

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the XPS spectrum of the lowest eutectic, the characteristic peaks for chemical species belonging to the raw materials TNBA and DNTF were discovered, proving that no new chemical bonds were formed and that no chemical reactions occurred between the raw materials during creation of the lowest eutectic. DSC was used to examine the thermal decompositions of the samples with various heating rates; the thermodynamic parameters of the lowest eutectic were computed by using Equations ( 8) and ( 9) [3,4,34], and the results are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DSC was used to examine the thermal decompositions of the samples with various heating rates; the thermodynamic parameters of the lowest eutectic were computed by using Equations (8) and (9) [3, 4, 34], and the results are shown in Table 2.

\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\rm{ln}}{\beta \over {T_P^2 }} = {\rm{ln}}{{A_K \cdot {\rm{R}}} \over {E_K }}{\rm{ - }}{{E_K } \over {R \cdot T_P }}\hfill\cr}}

\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr k = A_K {\rm{e}}^{{\rm{ - }}\left( {{{E_K } \over {T_P \cdot R}}} \right)} \hfill\cr}}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, 3,4‐bis(3‐nitrofurazan‐4‐yl)furoxan (DNTF) is a good choice due to its low melting point (110 °C) and high energy level ( v D =9259 m ⋅ s −1 ). In particular, DNTF is chemically compatible with TNBA and other high explosives [4, 12, 13]. The eutectic formed by DNTF and TNBA effectively reduces the melting point of the carrier explosive and improves the possibility of casting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melting and casting explosives have the advantages of easy production and low cost and are now the most widely used military hybrid explosives. Traditional TNT-based melt-cast explosives have problems such as oil seepage, brittleness, shrinkage, and low energy performance [1][2][3][4]. Therefore, they no longer meet the requirements of modern weapons for continuous improvement of explosive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Characterization and Testing for Lowest Eutectic Mixture of TNBA/DNTF

Song

Kou

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, electrostatic spraying was used to prepare TNBA/DNTF eutectic mixtures with different mass ratios. The T−X phase diagram and the H−X phase diagram were drawn from the DSC curves of the eutectic mixtures. The morphology, composition, structure, thermal decomposition properties, mechanical sensitivity, thermal sensitivity, and detonation properties of the lowest eutectic were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis‐mass spectrometry (TG‐MS), thermal sensitivity tests, mechanical sensitivity tests, and detonation performance calculations. The results showed that the best molar ratio of TNBA to DNTF was 59.41 : 40.59, whereas the best mass ratio was 60.17 : 39.83. The microscopic morphology was free of sharp edges and corners, the component proportions were the same as before electrostatic spraying, the surface elements were evenly distributed, and the crystal structure was essentially the same as those of the raw materials. The melting temperature was 352.0 K, which was 21.0 K and 33.1 K lower than those of the TNBA and DNTF raw materials, respectively. The thermal decomposition reaction rate constant (k), activation energy (EK), and preexponential factor (AK) of the lowest eutectic were 0.398 s−1, 81.34 kJ ⋅ mol−1, and 4.86×107 s−1, respectively. In the lowest eutectic, the component TNBA began to thermally decompose first, followed by DNTF. The main decomposition products of the lowest eutectic were CH4, H2O, H2, CO, N2, NH3, CO2, and N2O, with a small amount of C. The impact sensitivity (H50), friction sensitivity (P), and 5 s explosion temperature (T5s) of the lowest eutectic mixture were 39.7 cm, 28 %, and 563 K, respectively. Its detonation performance (OB=−36.52 %, QD=−4658 kJ ⋅ kg−1, vD=7598.37 m ⋅ s−1) was intermediate between those of TNBA and DNTF. The main detonation products were CO2, N2, CO, C(d), H2O, Br, and CH2O2.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\rm{ln}}{\beta \over {T_P^2 }} = {\rm{ln}}{{A_K \cdot {\rm{R}}} \over {E_K }}{\rm{ - }}{{E_K } \over {R \cdot T_P }}\hfill\cr}}

\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr k = A_K {\rm{e}}^{{\rm{ - }}\left( {{{E_K } \over {T_P \cdot R}}} \right)} \hfill\cr}}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization and Testing for Lowest Eutectic Mixture of TNBA/DNTF

Song

Kou

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Xiao et al [8] used differential scanning calorimetry to study the reaction process of 3,4‐bis(3‐nitrofuran‐4‐yl) furozan (DNTF)/3,5‐difluoro‐2,4,6‐trinitroanisole (DFTNAN) cocrystal explosives and found that the addition of DFTNAN effectively desensitized the DNTF explosive with only a small loss of energy. Kou et al [9] found that the cocrystal explosive of 1‐methyl‐3,4,5‐trinitropyrazole (MTNP)/DNTF has low mechanical sensitivity and good explosive properties. A variety of green energetic cocrystals based on phenylene‐bridged isoxazoles and tetrazol‐1‐ols were synthesized by Sohanet al [10] and found that the cocrystal explosives have low sensitivity and excellent detonation performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oxidant molecules on the thermal decomposition of 4,7‐diaminopyridazino[4,5‐c]furanoxane crystal: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations

Cheng,

Zhu

2023

J Chinese Chemical Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inserting oxidant molecules into the crystal voids to form oxidant cocrystal can greatly enhance the detonation properties of energetic materials. Therefore, oxidant cocrystals are regarded as one type of potential candidates of high energy density materials. The effects of the oxidants (HNO3 and HClO4) on the thermal decomposition mechanisms of two oxidant cocrystals (DPF(4,7‐diaminopyridazino[4,5‐c] furanoxane):HNO3 and DPF:HClO4) were investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). AIMD simulations are performed using a NVT ensemble. The temperature was controlled by a Nosé thermostat. First, we performed 5 ps simulations at 298.15 K to get an equilibrium system. Then, the simulations were performed at 3000 K with a time step of 1 fs and a total time of 15 ps. The initial degradation pathways of the two cocrystals have the same and involve the cleavage of the N–H and N–O bonds. Five different decay pathways were found in the subsequent reactions: intermolecular H transfer, N–O bond cleavage, N–N bond cleavage, and C–C bond formation and cleavage. Both HNO3 and HClO4 can promote the formation of N2, H2O and CO2, but only have a certain effect. Different oxidant molecules hardly affect the initial and subsequent decomposition paths of DPFH.

show abstract

Batch synthesis of 2,4,6‐trinitro‐3‐bromoanisole and its thermolysis and combustion performance

Song,

Wang,

Jia

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new carrier explosive TNBA was batch synthesized by a chemical method. The prepared samples were characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD, IR, XPS, nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis techniques. The enthalpy of formation of TNBA was measured using a specialized calorimeter that is specially used in testing of explosives and powders. The thermal decomposition performance of TNBA was tested by DSC technology. Meanwhile, the combustion performance of TNBA was also tested. The results of characterizations showed that the prepared sample was indeed TNBA. The enthalpy of formation of TNBA was determined as ΔHf,TNBA=+48.5 kJ/mol. At a heating rate of 20 °C/min, the thermal decomposition peak of TNBA is at TP=285.3 °C, and the activation energy is EK=91 kJ/mol, which is higher than the Tp and EK values of TNT. This indicates that TNBA is a relatively easy to decompose explosive, but the decomposition rate is not fast. The critical temperature for thermal explosion of TNBA reached Tb=247 °C, which is higher than the Tb value of TNT, slightly lower than the Tb value of DNAN, and significantly higher than the Tb value of DNTF, TNAZ, and MTNP. The combustion performance test results showed that the TNBA sample has the highest combustion pressure and the highest pressurization rate; and the TNBA sample has the highest combustion temperature; however, due to the high oxygen balance, the combustion heat of TNBA samples in excess pure oxygen is not the highest.

show abstract

New Method to Prepare the Lowest Eutectic Mixture of MTNP/DNTF and Its Properties

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization and Testing for Lowest Eutectic Mixture of TNBA/DNTF

Characterization and Testing for Lowest Eutectic Mixture of TNBA/DNTF

Effects of oxidant molecules on the thermal decomposition of 4,7‐diaminopyridazino[4,5‐c]furanoxane crystal: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations

Batch synthesis of 2,4,6‐trinitro‐3‐bromoanisole and its thermolysis and combustion performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About