New method for the synthesis of cellulose chloroacetates and aminoacetates

Khidoyatov, A. A.; Rogovin, Z. A.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(69)90505-x

“…Indeed, the results of the calculations summarized in Figure 1 show that both surface tension (␥) and polarity () of cellulose decrease upon the introduction of ester and ether groups, towards values that encompass those of the most common classes of thermoplastic polymers. 32 The first type of chemical modification described in this work was a simple esterification reaction performed according to the literature, [33][34][35][36][37] using acyl chloride and pyridine. Different chain length acyl groups (C 2 to C 5 ) were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first type of chemical modification described in this work was a simple esterification reaction performed according to the literature,33–37 using acyl chloride and pyridine. Different chain length acyl groups (C 2 to C 5 ) were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface chemical modification of natural cellulose fibers

Baiardo

¹

,

Frisoni

²

,

Scandola

³

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Simple esterification and etherification reactions were applied to steamexploded Flax (Linum usitatissimum) with the aim of changing the surface properties through modification of fiber surface chemistry. Native and chemically modified cellulose fibers were characterized in terms of thermal stability, surface chemistry, morphology, and crystal structure. Independent of the substituent nature, chemically modified fibers exhibited a thermal stability comparable to that of native cellulose. Introduction of the desired chemical groups at the fiber surface was demonstrated by TOF-SIMS analysis, whereas FTIR showed that the substitution reaction involved only a small fraction of the cellulose hydroxyls. No change of the native crystalline structure of cellulose fibers was caused by chemical modification, except in the case where ether substitution was carried out in water-isopropanol medium. Cellulose fibers with unchanged structure and morphology and carrying at the surface the desired chemical groups were obtained for reinforcing applications in polymer composites.

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Cellulose Esters, Organic Esters

Gedon

¹

,

Fengi

²

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Cellulose is one of nature's most abundant structural materials, providing the primary framework of most plants. For industrial purposes cellulose is derived from two primary sources, cotton linters and wood pulp. Cellulose esters are commonly derived from natural cellulose by reaction with organic acids, anhydrides, or acid chlorides. Cellulose esters of almost any organic acid can be prepared, but because of practical limitations esters of acids containing more than four carbon atoms have not achieved commercial significance. Cellulose acetate is the most important organic ester because of its broad application in fibers and plastics; it is prepared in multi‐ton quantities with degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from that of hydrolyzed, water‐soluble monoacetates to those of fully substituted triacetate. Although cellulose acetate remains the most widely used organic ester of cellulose, its usefulness is restricted by its moisture sensitivity, limited compatibility with other synthetic resins, and relatively higher processing temperature. Cellulose esters of higher aliphatic acids, C 3 and C 4 , circumvent these shortcomings with varying degrees of success. Mixed cellulose esters containing acetate and either the propionate or butyrate moieties are produced commercially in large quantities by Eastman Chemical Co. in the United States. The properties, manufacturing methods, uses, economics, and safety of organic esters of cellulose are discussed.

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Cellulose Esters, Organic

Edgar

¹

2004

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Cellulose is one of nature's most abundant structural materials, providing the primary framework of most plants. For industrial purposes cellulose is derived from two primary sources, cotton linters and wood pulp. Cellulose esters are commonly derived from natural cellulose by reaction with organic acids, anhydrides, or acid chlorides. Cellulose esters of almost any organic acid can be prepared, but because of practical limitations esters of acids containing more than four carbon atoms have not achieved commercial significance. Cellulose acetate is the most important organic ester because of its broad application in fibers and plastics; it is prepared in multi‐ton quantities with degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from that of hydrolyzed, water‐soluble monoacetates to those of fully substituted triacetate. Although cellulose acetate remains the most widely used organic ester of cellulose, its usefulness is restricted by its moisture sensitivity, limited compatibility with other synthetic resins, and relatively higher processing temperature. Cellulose esters of higher aliphatic acids, C 3 and C 4 , circumvent these shortcomings with varying degrees of success. Mixed cellulose esters containing acetate and either the propionate or butyrate moieties are produced commercially in large quantities by Eastman Chemical Co. in the United States. The properties, manufacturing methods, uses, economics, and safety of organic esters of cellulose are discussed.

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New method for the synthesis of cellulose chloroacetates and aminoacetates

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Surface chemical modification of natural cellulose fibers

Surface chemical modification of natural cellulose fibers

Cellulose Esters, Organic Esters

Cellulose Esters, Organic

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