Cellulose Esters, Organic Esters

Gedon, Steven; Fengi, Richard

doi:10.1002/0471238961.1518070107050415.a01

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…are also commercially available for high added value applications in the field of medical, membrane chromatography, etc . Despite these few niches, most commercial cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate are water insoluble and cannot therefore apply for or supplant the water soluble cellulose derivative market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Cellouronic Acids and Partially Acetylated Cellouronic Acids by TEMPO/NaClO Oxidation of Water-Soluble Cellulose Acetate

2003

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Water-soluble cellulose acetates with a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.5, prepared by partial deacetylation of cellulose acetate of DS=2.5, were oxidized with catalytic amount of 2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radical (TEMPO), sodium hypochlorite, and sodium bromide to provide useful cellouronic acids. The oxidation was conducted at a constant pH of 10 and at 2 degrees C to avoid the occurrence of side products. Whereas only the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose acetate were oxidized, a variable degree of oxidation (DO) resulted in a range of 0.33 to 1.0, depending on the concentration in sodium hypochlorite. Thus, polyglucuronic acid as well as partially acetylated cellouronic acid, having a range of DO were obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Cellouronic Acids and Partially Acetylated Cellouronic Acids by TEMPO/NaClO Oxidation of Water-Soluble Cellulose Acetate

2003

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“…Even though the mechanical resistance is roughly twenty times lower than other cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate (Gedon and Fengi, 2000), the grafting of side-chains led to a significant increase in the elastic modulus accompanied by a slight increase of the tensile strength. In turn, there was also a decrease of the elongation at break, but this is a common phenomenon with the increase of the other two properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Synthesis of graft -copolymers from palm cellulose and solketal acrylate and their characterization

Beyaz

Charton

Rouilly

et al. 2017

Industrial Crops and Products

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The use of partially biobased monomers to functionalize palm cellulose via graft-copolymerization was explored. The aim of this work is to recycle a waste, the leaves of palm trees, which are abundant in North African countries in order to obtain novel cellulose derivatives having interesting physico-chemical properties. Furthermore, the monomer that was used for the graft-copolymerization was synthesized from a biobased synthon, glycerol. The synthesis of graft-copolymers from cellulose and (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl acrylate (solketal acrylate, DMDMA) was studied to determine the optimal conditions for grafting. The maximum grafting weight gain was 27% obtained after 72 min of reaction at 65 • C with 6.4 mmol KPS/eq OH and 1.51 mol DMDMA/eq OH. THF, used as dispersion solvent, hinders the homopolymerization side-reaction by creation of terminating radicals. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the grafting of monomers to cellulose and X-ray diffraction revealed an organized structure of the side-chains. Thermogravimetry showed that the grafting could not confer a higher thermal stability to cellulose (loss of 35 • C in the decomposition temperature). Even though partial melting was observed when thermopressed, DSC analysis could not show a neat glass transition temperature but rather multiple exothermal peaks attributed to side-chains reorganization. Thermopressed grafted samples showed improved mechanical properties compared to palm cellulose.

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“…153 Th e uses of methyl acetate are as a solvent (substitute for acetone), and for the production of acetic anhydride. 154,155 Th e DME carbonylation route comprises the combination of DME synthesis and DME carbonylation (Eqn (15)), as shown in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Methanol/dme To Ethanol Via Dme Hydrocarbonylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential routes for thermochemical biorefineries

Haro

Ollero

Perales

et al. 2013

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This critical review focuses on potential routes for the multi-production of chemicals and fuels in the framework of thermochemical biorefineries. The up-to-date research and development in this field has been limited to BTL/G (biomass-to-liquids/gases) studies, where biomass-derived synthesis gas (syngas) is converted into a single product with/without the co-production of electricity and heat. Simultaneously, the interest on biorefineries is growing but mostly refers to the biochemical processing of biomass. However, thermochemical biorefineries (multi-product plants using thermo-chemical processing of biomass) are still the subject of few studies. This scarcity of studies could be attributed to the limitations of current designs of BTL/G for multi-production and the limited number of considered routes for syngas conversion. The use of a platform chemical (an intermediate) brings new opportunities to the design of process concepts, since unlike BTL/G processes they are not restricted to the conversion of syngas in a single-reaction system.Most of the routes presented here are based on old-fashioned and new routes for the processing of coaland natural-gas-derived syngas, but they have been re-thought for the use of biomass and the multiproduction plants (thermochemical biorefinery). The considered platform chemicals are methanol, DME, and ethanol, which are the common products from syngas in BTL/G studies. Important keys are given for the integration of reviewed routes into the design of thermochemical biorefineries, in particular for the selection of the mix of co-products, as well as for the sustainability (co-feeding, CO2 capture, and negative emissions).

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Cellulose Esters, Organic Esters

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Preparation of Cellouronic Acids and Partially Acetylated Cellouronic Acids by TEMPO/NaClO Oxidation of Water-Soluble Cellulose Acetate

Preparation of Cellouronic Acids and Partially Acetylated Cellouronic Acids by TEMPO/NaClO Oxidation of Water-Soluble Cellulose Acetate

Synthesis of graft -copolymers from palm cellulose and solketal acrylate and their characterization

Potential routes for thermochemical biorefineries

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