New membrane developments expanding the horizon for the application of reverse osmosis technology

Protein (BSA) fouling of reverse osmosis membranes: Implications for wastewater reclamation

“…LFC-1 membranes have been widely used in wastewater reclamation applications [14]. The average hydraulic resistance was determined to be 9.16 (±0.11) × 10 13 m −1 .…”

Positively charged aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane with high anti-fouling property prepared by polyethylenimine grafting

“…The fouling is mainly caused by the multiinteractions between the membrane surface and the pollutants, such as the electrostatic interaction and the hydrophobic interaction. Generally, the surface charge plays an important role in the fouling process, because the positively charged groups on membrane surface function as an adsorption site for the pollutants [3]. Therefore, the anti-fouling property of the RO membrane, to a large extent, depends on the surface charge of the membrane.…”

UHT Condensate Recovery by Reverse Osmosis: A Pilot-Plant Study

“…Permeate acidification with respect to the feed was previously observed by Suaŕez and Riera, 42 and it was attributed to the membrane and feed characteristics. The permeate was acidified, generally always to the same extent (it was reduced in all cases by 1.9 ± 0.2 pH units), as a result of electrostatic repulsion/attraction effects between the solutes and the membrane surface, which is negatively charged at working pH values, as are most RO membranes, 51 promoting the favorable passage of H + ions. 52 The acidification observed is common in RO wastewater processing.…”