New measurements of crystal doming over the Socorro magma body, New Mexico

Reilinger, Robert; Oliver, Jack; Brown, L. D.; Sanford, Allan R.; Balazs, Emery I.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<291:nmocdo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Larsen et al (1986) argued that water withdrawal from the ground is not a likely cause of the observed subsidence because water pumping in the Belen area did not appreciably affect the local water table (Titus 1963), and because only small amounts of groundwater were withdrawn in the Socorro area. 2) has, however, been attributed to water pumping near Albuquerque (Reilinger et al 1980). 2) has, however, been attributed to water pumping near Albuquerque (Reilinger et al 1980).…”

Section: Origin Of Uplift: Continual Magma Injection or In Situ Melting?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite source modelling of magmatic unrest in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California

Fialko¹,

Simons²,

Khazan³

2001

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY We investigate surface deformation associated with currently active crustal magma bodies in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California, USA. We invert available geodetic data from these locations to constrain the overall geometry and dynamics of the inferred deformation sources at depth. Our best‐fitting model for the Socorro magma body is a sill with a depth of 19 km, an effective diameter of 70 km and a rate of increase in the excess magma pressure of 0.6 kPa yr−1. We show that the corresponding volumetric inflation rate is ∼6×10−3 km3 yr−1, which is considerably less than previously suggested. The measured inflation rate of the Socorro magma body may result from a steady influx of magma from a deep source, or a volume increase associated with melting of the magma chamber roof (i.e. crustal anatexis). In the latter case, the most recent major injection of mantle‐derived melts into the middle crust beneath Socorro may have occurred within the last several tens to several hundreds of years. The Synthetic Interferometric Aperture Radar (InSAR) data collected in the area of the Long Valley caldera, CA, between June 1996 and July 1998 reveal an intracaldera uplift with a maximum amplitude of ∼11 cm and a volume of 3.5×10−2 km3. Modelling of the InSAR data suggests that the observed deformation might be due to either a sill‐like magma body at a depth of ∼12 km or a pluton‐like magma body at a depth of ∼8 km beneath the resurgent dome. Assuming that the caldera fill deforms as an isotropic linear elastic solid, a joint inversion of the InSAR data and two‐colour laser geodimeter data (which provide independent constraints on horizontal displacements at the surface) suggests that the inferred magma chamber is a steeply dipping prolate spheroid with a depth of 7–9 km and an aspect ratio in excess of 2:1. Our results highlight the need for large radar look angles and multiple look directions in future InSAR missions.

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Section: Origin Of Uplift: Continual Magma Injection or In Situ Melting?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite source modelling of magmatic unrest in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California

Fialko¹,

Simons²,

Khazan³

2001

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Although the Rio Grande rift is thought to be opening at a very slow rate (perhaps 0.3 mm/a [Woodward, 1977]), the situation near Socorro is somewhat more interesting because of the higher level of seismicity [Sanford et al, 1979] and evidence for possibly current intrusion of magma into a sill beneath Socorro [Reilinger et al, 1980]. Although the Rio Grande rift is thought to be opening at a very slow rate (perhaps 0.3 mm/a [Woodward, 1977]), the situation near Socorro is somewhat more interesting because of the higher level of seismicity [Sanford et al, 1979] and evidence for possibly current intrusion of magma into a sill beneath Socorro [Reilinger et al, 1980].…”

Section: Socorro Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain accumulation in the Rocky Mountain states

Savage¹,

Lisowski²,

Prescott³

1985

J. Geophys. Res.

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Strain accumulation in trilateration networks in Montana, Utah, and New Mexico has been measured for over a decade. The network in New Mexico spans the Rio Grande rift near Socorro. The absence of any observed strain accumulation in that network places an upper limit (2 standard deviations) of 3 mm/a on east‐west spreading across the 100‐km‐wide rift. The network in Utah spans the Wasatch fault near Ogden. Although the 1972–1984 average rate of strain accumulation in that network is not significant at a 2‐standard‐deviation detection threshold of 0.03 μstrain/a, short‐term strain fluctuations of marginal significance have been detected in the network. The network in Montana spans the epicentral area of the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake (magnitude 7.1). The principal strain rates observed in that network for the 1973–1984 interval were ε˙1=0.28±0.02 μstrain/a N14°E±1° and ε˙2=‐0.05±0.02 μstrain/a N76°W±1° , extension reckoned positive. The principal extension is perpendicular to the 1959 rupture trace. The deformation of this network suggests rather rapid reloading of the 1959 rupture zone, but whether this is steady strain accumulation or still postseismic relaxation is not known. The strain rate does appear to be constant over the 1973–1984 interval.

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“…For instance, leveling data around Sakurajima since the 1914 eruption and correlation with the eruption volume for 1914, 1946, and 1955-1978 has revealed a pattern of inflation, eruption, and deflation consistent with a steady state supply rate of about 0.3 m 3 s -1 [Ishihara, 1981]. Whether surface deformation can be a meaningful constraint on rates of crustal intrusion where there is no correlation with extruded volumes has yet to be proven, though the studies of the deformation associated with the putative Socorro magma body [Reilinger and Oliver, 1976;Reilinger et al, 1980] give some encouragement.…”

Section: Recurrence Of Steady State Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady state volcanism: Evidence from eruption histories of polygenetic volcanoes

Wadge¹

1982

J. Geophys. Res.

142

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Some volcanoes erupt magma at average rates which are constant over periods of many years, even though this magma may appear in a complex series of eruptions. This constancy of output is tested by construction of a curve of cumulative volume of erupted magma, which is linear for steady state volcanism, and whose gradient defines the steady state rate Qss. The assumption is made that Qss is the rate at which magma is supplied to these polygenetic volcanoes. Five general types of eruptive behavior can be distinguished from the cumulative volume curves studied. These types are interpreted in terms of a simple model of batches of magma rising buoyantly through the crust and interacting with a small‐capacity subvolcanic magma reservoir. Recognition of previous steady state behavior at a volcano may enable the cumulative volume curve to be used empirically as a constraint on the timing and volume of the next eruption. The steady state model thus has a limited predictive capability. With the exception of Kilauea (Qss = 4 m3 s−1 ) all the identified steady state volcanoes have values of Qss of a few tenths of one cubic meter per second. These rates are consistent with the minimum flux rates required by theoretical cooling models of batches of magma traversing the crust. The similarity of these Qss values at a variety of volcanoes (producing basalt, andesite, and dacite magmas) in very different tectonic settings suggests that the common factors of crustal buoyancy forces and the geotherm‐controlled cooling rates control the dynamics of magma supply through the crust. Long‐term dormancy at active volcanoes may be a manifestation of the steady state accumulation of magma in large crustal reservoirs, a process that complements the intermittent periods of steady state output at the surface. This possibility has several implications, the most important of which is that it provides a constraint on the supply rate of new magma to the bases of plutons.

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New measurements of crystal doming over the Socorro magma body, New Mexico

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Finite source modelling of magmatic unrest in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California

Finite source modelling of magmatic unrest in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California

Strain accumulation in the Rocky Mountain states

Steady state volcanism: Evidence from eruption histories of polygenetic volcanoes

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