New look at the role of progerin in skin aging

Abstract

Current literature data indicate that progerin, which is a mutant of lamin A, may be one of several previously known physiological biomarkers of the aging process which begins at the age of 30. Lamins belong to the family of intermediate filaments type V and are an important component of the nuclear envelope (NE). The physiological processes of an alternative splicing of LMNA (lamin A/C) gene and posttranslational processing result in the formation of different variants of this gene. Prelamin A is generated in cytosol and modified by respective enzymes. In the final step, 15-aa peptide is released at the C-terminus, resulting in mature lamin A. Point mutation of cytosine to thymine at position 1824 in exon 11 of LMNA gene causes a truncated form of lamin A, which is defined as progerin. In the course of time, progerin is mainly found in skin fibroblasts and reticular layers of terminally differentiated keratinocytes. Changes take place in the nucleus and they are similar to those observed in patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and refer mainly to an increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species which reduce the level of antioxidant enzymes, DNA damage and histone modification. There are still pending studies on working out new anti-aging strategies and the skin is the main area of research. Biomimetic peptides (analogues of elafin) are used in cosmetics to reduce the formation of progerin.

Neurocosmetics in Skincare—The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation

“…Senescent cells are also linked to progerin (from the Latin "progeria"; Greek "premature old age"), a toxic protein defined as an "aging biomarker" [297][298][299].…”

“…Progeline™ by LUCAS MEYER [300], a three-amino-acid biomimetic peptide (trifluoroacetyl tripeptide-2), was thus developed to improve wrinkles and sagging skin by modulating progerin [301,302]. More specifically, this active compound decreases progerin synthesis and accumulation, and inhibits metalloproteinases [297,303].…”

“…Ximenynic acid and arginine improve microcirculation, promote skin oxygenation, stimulate collagen production, and increase skin nourishment to make skin firm [340,[499][500][501][502][503]. PROGELINE ™ boosts these effects by restoring and improving the facial oval shape in the "V" zone, reinforcing collagen and elastin fibers, firming and lifting the skin, and eliminating double chin, flabby skin, and jowls [297,302,303].…”

Phycocosmetics and Other Marine Cosmetics, Specific Cosmetics Formulated Using Marine Resources

“…Progerin also seems to be an avenue to explore. Current data in the literature indicate that progerin, which is a mutant of lamin A, may be one of several previously known physiological biomarkers of the ageing process, which begins at the age of 30 years [31][32][33]. Progerin accumulates as the skin ages, so its expression is higher in young fibroblasts [34].…”

More Than Skin Deep – the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Cathepsin K and Progerin Expression in Cultured Dermal Fibroblasts

“…23 One of the most recent findings indicates that progerin could also be associated with UV-induced skin aging. 15 Due to many non-specific and contradictory findings regarding the involvement of cathepsin K and progerin in photoaging and their promising role in skin anti-aging therapies, 7,24 we aimed to evaluate how different wavelengths of UVR influence their expression in cultured dermal fibroblasts.…”