New life for pig-to-human transplants

Reardon, Sara

doi:10.1038/527152a

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…With advances in immune tolerance induction 22 and the advent of CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing methods that open the possibility of more complex genetic engineering of donor organs to make them less vulnerable to recipient immune rejection 107 , xenotransplantation could potentially offer a vast new source of transplant organs. But attainment of an engineered organ capable of engraftment and survival remains years away, and the investments required for clinical xenotransplantation are tremendous; large, centralized facilities would be required to produce transplant organs at scale, making cost-effective manufacturing and distribution a major concern unless these organs can be banked 23 . Similarly, shelf life has been widely recognized as a key bottleneck in the progress of tissue engineering 6,108,109 .…”

Section: Organ Transplantation Without Preservation Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having enough organs and tissues to meet public health needs has been the subject of extensive efforts in science, medicine, and public policy aiming to increase organ donation 13,14 , improve donor organ utilization 15–18 , and gain the understanding needed to engineer laboratory-grown tissues 19 , bio-artificial organs 20,21 , and ‘humanized’ animal donor organs for transplantation 22,23 . The success of these efforts is intertwined with meeting the second challenge: preserving organs and tissues during procurement (or manufacturing), storage, transport, and other steps of the supply chain in order to meet logistical needs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The promise of organ and tissue preservation to transform medicine

et al. 2017

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The ability to replace organs and tissues on demand could save or improve millions of lives each year globally and create public health benefits on par with curing cancer. Unmet needs for organ and tissue preservation place enormous logistical limitations on transplantation, regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and a variety of rapidly advancing areas spanning biomedicine. A growing coalition of researchers, clinicians, advocacy organizations, academic institutions, and other stakeholders has assembled to address the unmet need for preservation advances, outlining remaining challenges and identifying areas of underinvestment and untapped opportunities. Meanwhile, recent discoveries provide proofs of principle for breakthroughs in a family of research areas surrounding biopreservation. These developments indicate that a new paradigm, integrating multiple existing preservation approaches and new technologies that have flourished in the past 10 years, could transform preservation research. Capitalizing on these opportunities will require engagement across many research areas and stakeholder groups. A coordinated effort is needed to expedite preservation advances that can transform several areas of medicine and medical science.

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Section: Organ Transplantation Without Preservation Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The promise of organ and tissue preservation to transform medicine

et al. 2017

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“…However, >90% patients remain on the waiting list due to the shortage of deceased human donors [127]. Pigs are regarded as the most promising alternatives as sources of organs and tissues [128,129]. Progress has been made by gene-editing, which dramatically reduces immune rejection [130,131], and may reduce the potential risk of the presence of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in the pig organ [132,133,134].…”

Section: The Potential Role Of Circulating Mirnas To Detect Graft mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Organ-Specific MicroRNAs Serve as Biomarkers in Organ-Specific Diseases: Implications for Organ Allo- and Xeno-Transplantation

Zhou

Hara

Dai

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Different cell types possess different miRNA expression profiles, and cell/tissue/organ-specific miRNAs (or profiles) indicate different diseases. Circulating miRNA is either actively secreted by living cells or passively released during cell death. Circulating cell/tissue/organ-specific miRNA may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for allo- or xeno-transplantation to monitor organ survival and immune rejection. In this review, we summarize the proof of concept that circulating organ-specific miRNAs serve as non-invasive biomarkers for a wide spectrum of clinical organ-specific manifestations such as liver-related disease, heart-related disease, kidney-related disease, and lung-related disease. Furthermore, we summarize how circulating organ-specific miRNAs may have advantages over conventional methods for monitoring immune rejection in organ transplantation. Finally, we discuss the implications and challenges of applying miRNA to monitor organ survival and immune rejection in allo- or xeno-transplantation.

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“…The possibility of causing acute fatal zoonoses in transplant recipients or causing initially asymptomatic infections that transmit ultimately to the community to cause disease decades later, like HIV/AIDS, is too great to ignore. Accordingly, systematic searches for porcine infectious agents have been made and changes to animal husbandry used to ensure that the vast majority are not present in the clean living animals destined to be organ donors . Two infections failed to be cleared by this process; porcine cytomegalovirus, which was assumed to be acquired in utero, and porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) which exist as genetic elements integrated into the pig genomes and so are transferred genetically during breeding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%