New Jersey College Students' High-Risk Behavior: Will We Meet the Health Objectives for the Year 2000?

Lewis, Derek; Goodhart, Fern Walter; Burns, William David

doi:10.1080/07448481.1996.9936871

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…College students exhibit high rates of STD/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behavior, including inconsistent condom use, multiple partners, and alcohol use during sexual activity (Cooper, 2002;Lewis et al, 1996). Many students report that they do not have to worry about HIV/AIDS because they are in a monogamous relationship (Fromme et al, 1999).…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of acute alcohol consumption, cognitive reserve, partner risk, and gender on sexual decision making.

et al. 2006

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Objective-In past alcohol administration studies, intoxicated college students have been more willing to have unprotected sex with a hypothetical new partner than sober or placebo students. The objective of the present research was to extend past work by examining the effects of gender, cognitive reserve, and partner risk on intoxicated sexual decision making. Method-Before assigning participants (60 women and 60 men) to a drink condition, cognitive reserve was assessed with the reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test 3 (WRAT3). After drinking, participants watched a video of a male and female college student in a sexual situation. There were two versions of the video that were identical, except for information that suggested the opposite-gender character had many past sexual partners or only a few. Results-There was a significant interaction between drink condition and cognitive reserve such that intoxicated participants with lower WRAT3 scores were more likely than other participants to indicate that they would have unprotected sex if they were in this situation. Partner risk did not influence participants' willingness to have unprotected sex; however, they were less interested in dating the high-risk partner. Conclusions-As expected, participants with less cognitive reserve made riskier decisions when intoxicated. Unexpectedly, although participants clearly perceived the high-and low-risk partners differently, this did not affect their willingness to have unprotected sex with this hypothetical partner. These findings demonstrate the need for sexually transmitted disease/ HIV prevention programs that go beyond factual presentations and provide students with the skills they need to assess risk realistically and the need for programs with messages tailored for individuals with low cognitive skills. College students experience many negative consequences from heavy alcohol consumption. including academic problems, personal injuries, impaired driving, interpersonal violence, and vandalism (Perkins, 2002). In the area of risky sexual behavior, 16% of a national sample of college students reported that they had sex without a condom when intoxicated at least once during the past school year (American College Health Association. 2005). Several

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Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of acute alcohol consumption, cognitive reserve, partner risk, and gender on sexual decision making.

et al. 2006

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“…Ninety-six percent of all those charged with drunk driving are men (Department of Justice [DOJ], 1994a), and the risk of repeat arrests is significantly higher among men than women (CDC, 1994g). Young men nationally in both high school and college are significantly more likely than young women nationally to drive after drinking (CDC, 1997b;Kann et al, 1998;Lewis, Goodhart, & Burns, 1996;Patrick, Covin, Fulop, Calfas, & Lovato, 1997). Among college students nationally, two to over 2.5 times more men than women have driven after consuming five or more drinks, and 62% of frequent male binge drinkers have driven after drinking (Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Grossman, & Zanakos, 1997).…”

Section: Drinking and Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wearing safety belts reduces the risk of serious injury due to motor vehicle crashes by up to 52% and reduces the risk of death by 43% (CDC, 1993f;DHHS, 1991;Hargarten & Karlson, 1994). Men of all ages, and younger men in particular, are less likely than women to wear safety belts, either as drivers or as passengers (CDC, 1992b(CDC, , 1992c(CDC, , 1995c(CDC, , 1997bFoss, Beirness, & Sprattler, 1994;Hunter, Stutts, Stewart, & Rodgman, 1990; Insurance Institute for Highway Safety [IIHS], 1994;Kann et al, 1998;Leigh & Fries, 1993;Lewis, Goodhart, & Burns, 1996;Oleckno & Blacconiere, 1990b;Pinch, Heck, & Vinal, 1986;Patrick, Covin, Fulop, Calfas, & Lovato, 1997;Powell-Griner, Anderson, & Murphy, 1997;Preusser, Williams, & Lund, 1991;Rossi, 1992). In one study where drivers were both observed and questioned, more than three of four observed not wearing safety belts were male; one-third of these unbelted drivers had reported that they always wore safety belts (Preusser, Williams, & Lund, 1991).…”

Section: Safety Belt Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Factors Associated with Disease, Injury, and Death among Men: Evidence and Implications for Prevention

Courtenay¹

2002

International Journal of Men's Health

135

201

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Men in the United States suffer more severe chronic conditions, have higher death rates for all 15 leading causes of death, and die more than six years younger than women. In an attempt to explain these differences, this review summarizes recent evidence of gender differences in behaviors that significantly influence health and longevity. Drawing upon large studies, national data, and meta-analyses, it systematically demonstrates that males of all ages are more likely than females to engage in over 30 behaviors that increase the risk of disease, injury, and death. These findings provide compelling evidence that men's greatest health risks are preventable and indicate that poor health behaviors frequently co-occur among men. The implications of this review for future research and for the design of interventions with men are discussed.

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“…Many adolescents and young adults have multiple sexual partners, do not discuss past risk behavior with prospective partners and use condoms inconsistently, thereby placing themselves at heightened risk for contracting HIV and other STDs. Several large national and regional studies have found that approximately 80% of college students have engaged in sexual intercourse, approximately 25% have had six or more sexual partners and less than 25% use condoms consistently with all partners (Douglas et al, 1997;Lewis et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers need to consider the broader context to understand how intoxication influences sexual decision making. (Douglas et al, 1997;Lewis et al, 1996). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The cumulative effects of acute alcohol consumption, individual differences and situational perceptions on sexual decision making.

2005

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Objective-Past alcohol administration research has produced mixed findings regarding the role of acute alcohol consumption on sexual decision making. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a more complex theoretical model that places alcohol's acute effects in context, through the inclusion of background measures as well as affective and cognitive responses to the specific situation.Method-College students (90 men, 90 women) completed a survey that included measures of individual difference characteristics and past experiences; approximately 1 month later, they participated in an alcohol administration study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three drink conditions (sober, placebo, alcohol), after which they read a story about a couple that wanted to have sex, but had no condoms available.Results-In hierarchical multiple regression analyses, acute alcohol consumption significantly predicted participants' perceived likelihood that they would have sex without a condom in such a situation; an earlier step included gender, impulsivity, self-reported alcohol expectancies, frequency of heavy drinking, lifetime number of sexual partners and frequency of condom use. There was no significant effect associated with the expectancy that one had consumed alcohol. Neither was there a significant interaction between drink condition and self-reported alcohol expectancies.Conclusions-Through the inclusion of measures of individual differences and responses to the specific situation, this study provides a more nuanced understanding of the factors that affect college students' sexual decision making, compared with laboratory studies that examine the effects of acute alcohol consumption in isolation. Alcohol consumption explained a significant yet relatively small amount of variance. Researchers need to consider the broader context to understand how intoxication influences sexual decision making. (Douglas et al., 1997;Lewis et al., 1996). HHS Public AccessIntoxication was identified early in the AIDS epidemic as a contributor to risky sexual decision making (Leigh and Stall, 1993). Heavy drinking and sexual risk taking frequently co-occur. This is a particularly serious problem on college campuses where, depending on the type of school and location, approximately 20% to 50% of students are likely to be heavy drinkers (Vicary and Karshin, 2002). Of a national sample of college students, 10% reported that during the current academic year there had been at least one occasion when they had not used protection during sexual intercourse after drinking alcohol (Wechsler et al., 2002).Over the past decade, researchers have moved from simply documenting the general association between alcohol consumption and risky sexual activities to posing more sophisticated research questions and employing methods that better address issues of causality (for reviews of this literature, see Cooper, 2002;. Conflicting findings have required the development of more sophisticated theories that focus on both the types of individuals a...

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New Jersey College Students' High-Risk Behavior: Will We Meet the Health Objectives for the Year 2000?

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

The effects of acute alcohol consumption, cognitive reserve, partner risk, and gender on sexual decision making.

The effects of acute alcohol consumption, cognitive reserve, partner risk, and gender on sexual decision making.

Behavioral Factors Associated with Disease, Injury, and Death among Men: Evidence and Implications for Prevention

The cumulative effects of acute alcohol consumption, individual differences and situational perceptions on sexual decision making.

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