New Insights Into Tissue Culture Plant-Regeneration Mechanisms

Abstract

Plant regeneration occurs when plants repair or replace damaged structures based on the totipotency and pluripotency of their cells. Tissue culture is one of the most widely used regenerative technologies. Recently, a series of breakthroughs were made in the study of plant regeneration. This review summarizes two regenerative pathways in tissue culture: somatic embryogenesis and de novo organogenesis. Furthermore, we review the environmental factors influencing plant regeneration from explant sources, basal culture medium, plant growth regulators, and light/dark treatment. Additionally, we analyse the molecular mechanisms underlying two pathways. This knowledge will promote an understanding of the fundamental principles of plant regeneration from precursor cells and lay a solid foundation for applying plant micropropagation and genetic modification.

Prediction of In vitro organogenesis of Bacopa monnieri using artificial neural networks and regression models

“…In tissue culture, plant organogenesis is primarily controlled by the presence of growth regulators, both in vitro and in vivo [ 6 ]. It is also affected by the type of explant, the constitution of culture media, the type of phytohormones such as auxins and cytokinins, and their interactions [ 7 ]. Often, the combination of these factors causes the process of plant in vitro organogenesis to be nonlinear and nondeterministic growth progressions [ 7 , 8 ].…”

“…It is also affected by the type of explant, the constitution of culture media, the type of phytohormones such as auxins and cytokinins, and their interactions [ 7 ]. Often, the combination of these factors causes the process of plant in vitro organogenesis to be nonlinear and nondeterministic growth progressions [ 7 , 8 ]. Consequently, any optimization procedure in plant tissue culture calls for numerous experiments which are often laborious and time-consuming.…”

Toxicity test of flavonoid compounds from the leaves of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. using in vitro culture cell models

“…In this regard, the efforts to promote medicinal plantbased formulations will further minimize the AMR phenomenon. Mistletoe, namely, Benalu duku (BD), is a parasitic plant that has antiproliferative and androgenic properties and contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponin, and terpenoids or steroids [10][11][12]. The bioactive flavonoid compounds of mistletoe include quercetin, an antimicrobial agent.…”

“…Toxicity screening techniques have been used in the field of veterinary-pharmaceutical science to support the proposal of Russell and Birch in 1959, regarding the last attempt to use experimental animals as a drug test medium [ 25 ]. The principle uses the three R’s approach as follows; replacement, reduction, and refinement, so the use of tissue culture is the best option [ 12 ].…”

Regulatory non-coding RNAs: Emerging roles during plant cell reprogramming and in vitro regeneration

“…Such constraints cause in vitro regeneration processes to be frequently based on trial-and-error experiments, which reduces their effectiveness. Both organogenesis and SE can be induced directly in the explant or through a two-step process in which a callus phase first occurs followed by shoot or somatic embryo formation from the callus cells ( Long et al., 2022 ). In any of the regeneration pathways, a complex series of events occurs that is controlled by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that are still poorly understood ( Ikeuchi et al., 2019 ).…”