New insights into the anti-erosive property of a sugarcane-derived cystatin: different vehicle of application and potential mechanism of action

Abstract

New insights into the anti-erosive property of a sugarcane-derived cystatin: different vehicle of application and potential mechanism of action A new sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) showed anti-erosive properties when included in solutions and strong binding force to enamel, but the performance of this protein when added to gel formulations and its effect on surface free energy (SFE) requires further studies. Objective: 1) to evaluate the protective effect of gels containing different concentrations of CaneCPI-5 against initial enamel erosion (Experiment 1); and 2) to analyze the SFE (g S ) after treating the enamel surface with CaneCPI-5 solution (Experiment 2). Methodology: In Experiment 1, 75 bovine enamel specimens were divided into five groups according to the gel treatments: placebo (negative control); 0.27%mucin+0.5%casein (positive control); 0.1 mg/ mL CaneCPI-5; 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; or 2.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. Specimens were treated with the gels for 1 min, the AP was formed (human saliva) for 2 h and the specimens were incubated in 0.65% citric acid (pH=3.4) for 1 min. The percentage of surface hardness change (%SHC) was estimated. In Experiment 2, measurements were performed by an automatic goniometer using three probing liquids: diiodomethane, water and ethylene glycol. Specimens (n=10/group) remained untreated (control) or were treated with solution containing 0.1 mg/ mL CaneCPI-5, air-dried for 45 min, and 0.5 µL of each liquid was dispensed on the surface to measure contact angles. Results: Gels containing 0.1 and 1.0 mg/ mL CaneCPI-5 significantly reduced %SHC compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). Treated enamel showed significantly lower g S than control, without changes in the apolar component (g S LW), but the polar component (g S AB =Lewis acidbase) became more negative (p<0.01). Moreover, CaneCPI-5 treatment showed higher g S -(electron-donor) values compared to control (p<0.01). Conclusions: Gels containing 0.1 mg/mL or 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 protected enamel against initial dental erosion. CaneCPI-5 increased the number of electron donor sites on the enamel surface, which may affect AP formation and could be a potential mechanism of action to protect from erosion.

Influence of irradiated dentin, biofilm and different artificial saliva formulations on root dentin caries development

“…Cane CPI-5 has shown promising results in preventing erosive wear (enamel and dentin) in vitro [30,31] and in situ at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml [32]. Regarding the prevention of enamel caries, a recent study also under microcosm bio lm showed that different concentrations of Cane CPI-5 (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml) were effective in signi cantly reducing the integrated mineral loss when compared to the negative control (PBS) [17].…”

Acquired pellicle engineering for the control of erosive tooth wear: in vitro and in situ evaluation of the protective potential of a sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5)

“…Before the erosive challenges, chitosan, as a positively charged biopolymer, binds to dentin due to its negative zeta potential, forming layers on the surface. On the other hand, it was demonstrated by surface free energy (SFE) experiment, that when CaneCPI-5 interacts with hydroxyapatite, the number of electron donor sites on the surface increases (the negative zeta potential increases), possibly affecting the formation and composition of the AP, as well as the layers formed by chitosan [22]. In the second part, similar to what was already mentioned in study 1, when the erosion reaches the dentin, the dissolution of the mineral begins, exposing the organic matrix.…”

“…e Com. Ltda., São Paulo, SP, Brazil) for 6 min and stored under humidity control (gauze moistened with deionized water) and temperature control (4º C) [22].…”