New insights into plant graft hybridization

Liu, Y-S; Wang, Q-L; By, Li

doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.115

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…It is also unclear if rootstocks provide equal resistance to grafted scions. However, it was discovered that genetic material is transferred between plants across graft unions although the mechanism of inheritable variation induced by plant grafting is a controversial subject (Liu et al 2010;Stegemann and Bock 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of Phytopythium helicoides causing stem rot of Shatangju mandarin seedlings in China

et al. 2016

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Citrus mandarin (Citrus reticulata) cultivar Shatangju has great economic importance in southern China because of its delicious fruit and medicinal peel. During surveys conducted in 2012 and 2013, stem rot and plant death were observed on 2-to 3-year-old Shatangju grafted seedlings in 21 nurseries located in three regions (Yangjiang City, Sihui City and Deqing County) of Guangdong Province, China. The aims of this study were to characterize the symptoms of seedling stem rot and death; evaluate the incidence and loss; identify the causal agent and evaluate its pathogenicity. The disease was present in all surveyed nurseries but incidence varied with location. A Pythium-like oomycete was consistently obtained from symptomatic plants collected in the nurseries surveyed. On the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics and combined phylogenetic analysis of three DNA sequences including the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), mitochondrial CoxI and CoxII genes, 21 of the isolates obtained were identified as belonging to the species Phytopythium helicoides. The isolates were pathogenic to the scions but not rootstocks of Shatangju mandarin seedlings cultivated in a controlled greenhouse and symptoms identical to that observed in the field were reproduced. The pathogen was re-isolated consistently from the inoculated plants, confirming Koch's postulates. Seedling stem rot and eventual death caused by P. helicoides represents a serious threat to Shatangju mandarin nursery productivity and longevity in southern China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of Phytopythium helicoides causing stem rot of Shatangju mandarin seedlings in China

et al. 2016

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“…According to Liu et al (2010), accumulation patterns for hexoses, sucrose and oligosaccharides were similar during muskmelon ripening from non-grafted and grafted plants, despite differences in sugar levels between rootstocks. Moreover, during the period of fast sugar accumulation (32–48 days after anthesis) muskmelons from grafted plants maintained higher starch content than the non-grafted control, and the starch fraction was higher in the lower sugar content rootstock and lower in the non-grafted control.…”

Section: The Configuration Of Fruit Quality In Grafted Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Fruit sweetness is a major sensory feature of melon quality (Yamaguchi et al, 1977; Liu et al, 2010), which stems mainly from soluble carbohydrates but is commonly quantitated on the basis of the SSC derived from the temperature-compensated refractive index of the fruit juice. Understanding rootstock-mediated effects on melon sweetness is critical for safeguarding sensorial acceptability of melon fruit produced on grafted plants.…”

Section: The Configuration Of Fruit Quality In Grafted Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these alterations are localized to the contact zone between scion and rootstock it indicates that the changes may become heritable via lateral shoot formation from the graft site. Hence, it demonstrates that large DNA pieces or entire plastid genomes can travel into the scion as a prerequisite of graft hybridization (Liu et al, 2010). Heritable changes in the scion might also be the result of epigenetic effects associated with grafting.…”

Section: Biological Mechanisms Affecting Quality In Grafted Annual Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetable Grafting: The Implications of a Growing Agronomic Imperative for Vegetable Fruit Quality and Nutritive Value

et al. 2017

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Grafting has become an imperative for intensive vegetable production since chlorofluorocarbon-based soil fumigants were banned from use on grounds of environmental protection. Compelled by this development, research into rootstock–scion interaction has broadened the potential applications of grafting in the vegetable industry beyond aspects of soil phytopathology. Grafting has been increasingly tapped for cultivation under adverse environs posing abiotic and biotic stresses to vegetable crops, thus enabling expansion of commercial production onto otherwise under-exploited land. Vigorous rootstocks have been employed not only in the open field but also under protected cultivation where increase in productivity improves distribution of infrastructural and energy costs. Applications of grafting have expanded mainly in two families: the Cucurbitaceae and the Solanaceae, both of which comprise major vegetable crops. As the main drives behind the expansion of vegetable grafting have been the resistance to soilborne pathogens, tolerance to abiotic stresses and increase in yields, rootstock selection and breeding have accordingly conformed to the prevailing demand for improving productivity, arguably at the expense of fruit quality. It is, however, compelling to assess the qualitative implications of this growing agronomic practice for human nutrition. Problems of impaired vegetable fruit quality have not infrequently been associated with the practice of grafting. Accordingly, the aim of the current review is to reassess how the practice of grafting and the prevalence of particular types of commercial rootstocks influence vegetable fruit quality and, partly, storability. Physical, sensorial and bioactive aspects of quality are examined with respect to grafting for watermelon, melon, cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and pepper. The physiological mechanisms at play which mediate rootstock effects on scion performance are discussed in interpreting the implications of grafting for the configuration of vegetable fruit physicochemical quality and nutritive value.

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“…Over the past several decades, however, Michurin's name has become inextricably linked to that of his most notorious disciple -TD Lysenko. Of late, Michurin's name has been slowly reappearing in scientific literature (Flegr 2002;Ivanyi 2003;Liu 2006;Liu et al 2010). The main reason is that it has been shown that some epigenetic changes can be passed on to the offspring in ways that appear to violate Mendelian genetics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Michurin’s legacy to biological science

Liu

Wang

2011

J Biosci

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Today, Ivan Michurin is remembered mostly for the discredited Michurinian genetics. However, this great horticulturist and Russia's 'Luther Burbank', in the course of more than 60 years in plant breeding, not only produced more than 300 strains of horticultural plants but also elaborated many theoretical principles and practical methods. Over the past several decades, however, Michurin's name has become inextricably linked to that of his most notorious disciple -TD Lysenko. Of late, Michurin's name has been slowly reappearing in scientific literature (Flegr 2002;Ivanyi 2003;Liu 2006;Liu et al. 2010). The main reason is that it has been shown that some epigenetic changes can be passed on to the offspring in ways that appear to violate Mendelian genetics. In addition, it has been shown that the plant genome is remarkably unstable, capable of undergoing change and generating variability during very early stages of development, and there is increasing evidence in support of Michurin's methods of mentor grafting and mentor pollination.The basic principle of Michurin's operations was the change in heredity induced by environmental changes in the early development stages of plants. He proved by experiments that the acclimatization of plants is indeed possible, but 'only by planting the seeds'. He made great use of grafting as a means of influencing and improving immature plants, and showed that plants could be altered by grafting in a sufficiently early phase of development. He emphasized repeatedly that young plant organisms were highly susceptible to the influence of environmental conditions. The young organism resulting from the cross of the initial parental pairs is distinguished by its destabilized heredity and hence possesses great plasticity. It should be noted that Michurin's assumption is not only consistent with Darwin's and Burbank's ideas but also supported by recent findings. Throughout his career, Darwin consistently linked the cause of variation to changes in the environment. Recently, it has been shown that adaptive phenotypic plasticity is generally expressed for plants exposed to an environmental perturbation during very early stages of development (Amzallag 2004). Several other instances have also been documented in which the genome does alter in response to the environment, and this change usually occurs in the early stage of development (Durrent 1962;Cullis 2005). It should be noted that Michurin's idea was supported by Konrad Lorenz, who later proposed that imprinting occurs in 'critical periods', which are limited and severely restricted to the animal's very early life (cited in Tzschentke and Plagemann 2006). Now it is known that nutrition in early life might influence adult phenotypes through DNA methylation. On observing agouti mice born to mothers that were fed diets containing different amounts of methyl donors, one will see mice with coats of different shades of colour, from yellow to brown to almost black (Vercelli 2004). Cropley et al. (2006) reported the effects of specific timing of mate...

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New insights into plant graft hybridization

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Identification and characterization of Phytopythium helicoides causing stem rot of Shatangju mandarin seedlings in China

Identification and characterization of Phytopythium helicoides causing stem rot of Shatangju mandarin seedlings in China

Vegetable Grafting: The Implications of a Growing Agronomic Imperative for Vegetable Fruit Quality and Nutritive Value

Michurin’s legacy to biological science

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