New insights into normal fault rupture propagation in sand

Yao, Chaofan; Zhang, Yifei; He, Chuan; Yang, Wenbo; Yan, Qixiang; Guo, Deping

doi:10.1007/s11440-023-01796-6

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the μ b = 0.33 simulation only forward‐vergent thrusts form, initially taking a dip shallower than the Coulomb orientation, and converging toward it with shortening. The initial rupturing of faults at Roscoe angles is well documented in sands and granular materials (Cole & Lade, 1984; Garcia & Bray, 2018a, 2018b; Hazeghian & Soroush, 2022), as is the subsequent rotation toward shallower Coulomb orientations (del Castillo et al., 2023; Stone & Wood, 1992; Yao et al., 2021, 2023) with respect to the σ 1 direction as a result of the softening response or the boundary conditions and loading path, while the amply reported (Graveleau et al., 2012; Mulugeta & Koyi, 1992; Ruh et al., 2012) rotation of backward‐vergent thrusts within the wedge toward steeper orientations aligned with the changing orientation of σ 1 given by ψ b was also observed in our simulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Strain Localization Patterns and Thrust Propagation in 3‐D Discrete Element Method (DEM) Models of Accretionary Wedges

et al. 2023

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High‐resolution three‐dimensional discrete element method (DEM) simulations of sandbox‐scale models of accretionary wedges suggest thrusts follow a variety of propagation processes and orientations depending on a number of factors. These include the stage of development of the wedge (precritical vs. critical), basal friction, and type of thrust (forward vs. backward‐vergent). In terms of propagation processes, two clear mechanisms are identified. The first involves propagation from the décollement to the wedge top, similar to the standard model of thrust propagation seen in many kinematic models, and in the second, thrusts grow downward from an initial nucleation point just below the top surface of the wedge as well as upward from the décollement joining in the middle. In terms of orientation, forward‐vergent thrusts initially form at Roscoe (θR = 45° − Ψ/2) or Arthur orientations (θA = 45° − (ϕ + Ψ)/4), and over greater shortening, rotate into Coulomb orientations (θC = 45° − ϕ/2). To arrive at these results, a wide array of continuum parameters and fields were extracted from the DEM simulations, including stress, strain, strain rate, kinetic energy, Mohr‐Coulomb parameters, and proximity to yielding using the Drucker‐Prager criterion to visualize thrust nucleation and propagation. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of these continuum proxies for discerning failure in the granular assembly are considered, and the spatial and temporal relationship between proximity to yielding and strain localization (both pre‐peak and subsequent persistent shear banding) in the granular model of an accretionary wedge is explored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Strain Localization Patterns and Thrust Propagation in 3‐D Discrete Element Method (DEM) Models of Accretionary Wedges

et al. 2023

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“…The longitudinal length 𝐿 𝑇 of the model along the route is 600m. The longitudinal length on the top of the hanging wall 𝐿 𝐻 and the footwall 𝐿 𝐹 are set to 300 m. The width of the soil layer and bedrock 𝑊 𝑆 are set to 160 m. The thickness of the bedrock 𝐻 𝑅 is 40 m. As studied by previous studies, the thickness of the soil deposit [38,39], the angle of the fault dip [37,40] and the orientation of the fault relative to the earth structure [41,42] will exert considerable influence on the behavior of soil during fault rupture propagation. To discover the influence of the soil thickness and fault dip angle on the cross-fault embankment, a parametric study is conducted in this paper.…”

Section: Fig 2 Geometry Of Embankment Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation on the behaviors of railway embankment under normal faulting

Chen,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Active faults in the earthquake region are consistently regarded as a potential geological hazard to the construction and operation of railway engineering. However, crossing active faults is always difficult to be avoided for railway construction. In this paper, three-dimensional finite element models are established to study the behaviors of the railway embankment under normal faulting. The constitutive model used in the soil layer is validated by using the data of the centrifuge tests from the existing paper. A series of parametric studies are conducted considering the faulting offset, the thickness of the soil layer, the dip angle of the fault and the cross-fault angle of the embankment. Emphasis is given to (1) the affected zones; (2) the vertical displacement, the longitudinal slope, the lateral displacement, and the radius of the curvature of the embankment centerline; (3) the potential regions where the fault ruptures outcrop based on the plastic strain; (4) the stress characteristic of the embankment surfaces. The analysis shows that the increase of faulting offset would increase the value of longitudinal slope in the cross-fault region of the embankment. The existence of soil layer and its thickening would widen the affected zones and the regions where the fault ruptures outcrops. The fault dip angle and the cross fault angle of the embankment have a complex effect on the behaviors of the crossing embankment. The depth of the subsidence zone of the embankment would increase with the decrease of fault dip angle and the large fault dip angle would change the primary fault rupture to be a compressive one directly above the fault line. If the embankment crosses the fault line obliquely, the curvature radius of the centerline would hardly meet the design code.

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Seismic response and deformation mechanism of near-fault deep tunnels in a strong earthquake area

et al. 2023

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New insights into normal fault rupture propagation in sand

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Strain Localization Patterns and Thrust Propagation in 3‐D Discrete Element Method (DEM) Models of Accretionary Wedges

Strain Localization Patterns and Thrust Propagation in 3‐D Discrete Element Method (DEM) Models of Accretionary Wedges

Numerical investigation on the behaviors of railway embankment under normal faulting

Seismic response and deformation mechanism of near-fault deep tunnels in a strong earthquake area

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