Seismic response and deformation mechanism of near-fault deep tunnels in a strong earthquake area

Zhang, Cong; Zhu, Zhende; Wang, Shanyong; Shi, Chong; Li, Wangyang

doi:10.1007/s11440-023-01881-w

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The results of the best-fit model indicate that the LHSF is controlled by a left-lateral strike-slip at a rate of ~3.5 mm/yr, which is consistent with geology [11] and geodesy [12,15,17,18,24], approaching the result of 4.1 ± 0.4 mm/yr [21]. The HYF is controlled by a left-lateral strike-slip at a rate of 2.8-3.3 mm/yr, and the average rate is about 3 mm/yr, which is close to the results of 3.3-9.2 mm/yr obtained by geology [7] and 4.5 ± 1.1 mm/yr [11], is close to the GPS, InSAR, and other geodetic methods [12,15,17,18,23,24], and is also consistent with the rates of 3.9 ± 0.4 mm/yr, 3.7 ± 0.4 mm/yr, and 3.6 ± 0.4 mm/yr for the western, middle, and eastern sections of the HYF [21]. The average contraction rate is 0.6 mm/yr, and the maximum rate is 1.4 mm/yr in the middle of the fault.…”

Section: Fault Slip Ratesupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In order to obtain a more accurate crustal deformation pattern of the faults on the northeastern corner of the Tibetan Plateau, this paper integrated the observations from encrypted GPS stations around the Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault zone, with the GPS observations on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from 2010 to 2020, based on the block-fault back-slip dislocation model to obtain the locking depth, slip rate deficit distribution, and motion characteristics of the faults. 5.8 [11] 4.5 ± 1.1 [12] 3.4 ± 0.2 [13] 8.25 5.49 5.97 [14] 6.5 4.5 5.6 5.5 [15] 2-4.5 [16] 4.6-4.7 [17] 2-5.5 1.0 Terrestrial [18] 2.9-5.9 measurement [19] 5.4 ± 0.1 5.0 ± 0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Crustal Deformation Pattern on the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau Derived from GPS Observations

2023

Remote Sensing

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The northeastern margin is a natural experimental field for studying crustal extrusion and expansion mechanisms. The accurate crustal deformation pattern is a key point in the analysis of regional deformation mechanisms and seismic hazard research and judgment. In this paper, the present-day GPS velocity field on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau was obtained from encrypted GPS observations around the Haiyuan–Liupanshan fault zone, combined with GPS observations on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from 2010 to 2020. Firstly, we divided the study area into three relatively independent blocks: the ORDOS block, Alxa block, and Lanzhou block; secondly, the accurate fault distribution of the Haiyuan–Liupanshan fault zone was taken into account to obtain the optimal inversion model; finally, using the block and fault back-slip dislocation model, the inversion obtained the slip rate distribution, locking depth, and slip deficit rate of each fault. The results indicate that the Laohushan Fault and Haiyuan Fault are dominated by the left-lateral strike-slip, while the Liupanshan Fault is dominated by the thrust dip-slip, and the Guguan–Baoji Fault has both left-lateral strike-slip and thrust dip-slip components. The maximum locking depths of the Laohushan Fault, Haiyuan Fault, Liupanshan Fault, and Guguan–Baoji Fault are 5 km, 13 km, 15 km, and 10 km, respectively, and the locking of the Haiyuan Fault is strong in the middle section and weak in the eastern and western section. The Haiyuan Fault is still in the post-earthquake stress adjustment stage. The slip deficit rate decays from 3.6 mm/yr to 1.8 mm/yr from west to east along the fault zone. Combined with geological and historical seismic data, the results suggest that the mid-long-term seismic risk in the Liupanshan Fault is high.

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Section: Fault Slip Ratesupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Crustal Deformation Pattern on the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau Derived from GPS Observations

2023

Remote Sensing

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“…The original gauge length, L 0 , can be calculated using Equation (1), where k is the proportion coefficient.…”

Section: Design Of Test Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to various advantages, large-span spatial structures also have characteristics such as a frequency density, complex vibration modes, and significant spatial effects in terms of earthquake action [1]. The seismic response of large-span spatial structures is complex, and seismic damage events are often reported [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Similarity Relationship between the Structural-Steel Prototype and the 304-Stainless-Steel Dynamic Scale Model

Xu,

Wang,

Liu

2023

Buildings

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Due to the size limitations of shaking tables, dynamic scale models of large-span space structures for engineering have small cross-sections and thin wall thicknesses. It is difficult to use the structural steels commonly used in prototypes to make dynamic scale models. In this paper, 304 stainless steel is proposed for making the scale model, and the similarity relationship between the structural-steel prototype and the 304-stainless-steel dynamic scale model was studied. Firstly, a uniaxial test was conducted to study the elastic modulus similarity and the yielding stress similarity. The test results demonstrated that the elastic modulus similarity ratio was 1:1, and the stress similarity ratios of the 304 stainless steel and the three typical structural steels were 1:1 (Q235 steel), 1:1.5 (Q355 steel) and 1:1.8 (Q420 steel). Then, the similarities of other variables were derived using the dimensional analysis method. In the end, a numerical analysis was conducted to verify the similarity relationship between the structural-steel prototype and the 304-stainless-steel dynamic scale model. In the numerical analysis, a single-layer spherical reticulated shell structure and a dynamic scale model with a length similarity ratio of 1:20 were established by using the ABAQUS 2021 software, and the node displacement, the element internal force and natural vibration characteristics were analyzed. The results show that standard deviations of the displacements, the internal forces and the natural vibration frequencies between the prototype and the scale model were within 5%. It turns out that the proposed similarity between the structural-steel prototype and the 304-stainless-steel dynamic scale model was applicable in the elastic stage. The findings provide a reference for designing a dynamic scale model of large-span space structures for engineering by using 304 stainless steel.

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“…As urban construction continues to develop, the utilization of underground space has attracted widespread attention. In urban engineering construction, the existence of special geological environments, such as active fault zones and fault slippage, has caused serious damage and threats to engineering [1][2][3][4] . The existence of fault slippage not only causes damage to engineering structures such as cross-fault buildings and underground engineering structures, but also poses a serious threat to the structural engineering in its affected area [5][6][7][8][9] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the influence of reverse faulting on deformation of foundation pit retaining piles

Niu,

Wang,

2023

Sci Rep

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The mechanical properties of soil in fault-fracture zone areas are diverse and complex. Deep excavation projects often encounter adverse geological conditions such as reverse faulting, which can lead to surface subsidence and collapses, posing significant challenges to excavation safety. Currently, there is limited research in the field of deep excavation engineering that analyzes the influence of reverse faulting on the deformation of retaining piles, and the existing research methods are not systematic enough. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of how reverse faulting affects the deformation of retaining piles in deep excavation projects. Various research methods were employed, including numerical simulation, on-site monitoring, and orthogonal experiments, using a deep excavation project in Shenzhen as a case study. The results of the study indicate that reverse faulting exacerbates the deformation of retaining piles, causing the trend of increased deformation to shift upward. The upper part of the pile is significantly more affected than the lower part, and the overall deformation of the pile exhibits an approximate spoon-shaped curve distribution, with the maximum deformation occurring in the upper-middle section of the excavation. Under the influence of reverse faulting, the deformation of retaining piles is positively correlated with fault slip distance and fault dip angle, while it is negatively correlated with fault position. The growth rate of the maximum deformation of retaining piles, denoted as r(ΔZmax/Δ), increases approximately logarithmically with increasing fault slip distance and exponentially with increasing fault dip angle, but decreases approximately logarithmically with increasing distance from the fault to the excavation. An analysis of the sensitivity of fault slip distance, fault dip angle, and fault position to the maximum deformation of retaining piles was conducted. It was determined that the fault dip angle has the highest sensitivity, followed by fault slip distance, while fault position has the lowest sensitivity. Based on the fitting of 64 sets of orthogonal experimental data, a good linear relationship was established between the maximum deformation of retaining piles (Uhm) and the indicator η($$\theta \pi T/180^{^\circ } S$$ θ π T / 180 ∘ S ), leading to the development of a predictive model for the maximum deformation of retaining piles under the influence of reverse faulting. These research findings provide valuable insights and references for similar engineering projects.

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Seismic response and deformation mechanism of near-fault deep tunnels in a strong earthquake area

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

A Crustal Deformation Pattern on the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau Derived from GPS Observations

A Crustal Deformation Pattern on the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau Derived from GPS Observations

On the Similarity Relationship between the Structural-Steel Prototype and the 304-Stainless-Steel Dynamic Scale Model

Study on the influence of reverse faulting on deformation of foundation pit retaining piles

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