New insights into lactase and glycosylceramidase activities of rat lactase-phlorizin hydrolase

Büller, Hans A.; Wassenaer, Aleid G. van; Raghavan, Subharekha; Montgomery, Robert K.; Sybicki, Mariana A.; Grand, Richard J.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1989.257.4.g616

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Alkaline sphingomyelinase is present in the intestinal mucosa (25)(26)(27), and the glycosylceramidase activity in the intestine is due to lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (28,29). Neutral ceramidase encoded by Asah2 is also present in the small intestine (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Absorption of Dietary Sphingoid Bases from the Intestine via Efflux by P-Glycoprotein in Rats

Fujii

Manabe

Aida

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Various physiological functions of dietary sphingolipids, such as preventing inflammation and improving the skin barrier function, have been recently demonstrated. The sphingolipid most commonly used as a foodstuff is glucosylceramide from plant sources, which is composed of sphingoid bases that are distinctive from those found in mammals. Although the structure of sphingoid bases in higher plants is more complicated than the structure of those in mammals, the fate of dietary sphingolipids of plant origin is still not understood. In the present study, we investigated the absorption of 4,8-sphingadienine that originated from maize glucosylceramide in the rat intestine by using a lipid absorption assay of lymph collected from the thoracic duct. The cumulative recovery of 4,8-sphingadienine in the lymph was lower than that of sphingosine. Verapamil, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, significantly increased the absorption of 4,8-sphingadienine but did not affect the absorption of sphingosine. Plant-derived sphingoid bases were detected in the ceramide fraction of lymph fluid by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. These results indicate that 4,8-sphingadienine that originates from the glucosylceramide of higher plants is poorly absorbed in the intestine because of efflux by P-glycoprotein and can be incorporated into a ceramide moiety, at least in part, in intestinal endothelial cells. Key Words sphingolipids, sphingoid bases, sphingadienine, intestinal absorption, P-glycoprotein Sphingolipids are ubiquitous in all eukaryotic organisms and constitute a family of compounds that have a sphingoid base with an amide-linked fatty acid and a polar head group. Sphingolipids, having various structures of sphingoid bases, are ingested daily from foodstuffs because of the diverse structures of sphingoid bases that occur in nature. The most common sphingoid base of mammalian sphingolipids is sphingosine (trans-4-sphingenine, d18:1 4t ). Smaller amounts of other sphingoid bases such as sphinganine (dihydrosphingosine, d18:0) and phytosphingosine (4-hydroxysphinganine, t18:0) are encountered frequently. In higher plants, the structures of sphingoid bases are more complicated than in mammals because they can be desaturated at the C8-position by D8-sphingolipid desaturase, yielding cis-and trans-isomers of D8-unsaturated sphingoid bases (d18:2 4t,8c (t) ). Dietary sphingolipids from various sources have been reported to have beneficial effects such as preventing cancer (1-3), reducing inflammatory responses (4), and lowering levels of plasma lipids (5, 6). Dietary plant sphingolipids with sphingoid bases distinct from those found in mammals are able to prevent the formation of aberrant crypt foci in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated mice (7,8). In addition, the beneficial effects of dietary plant sphingolipids have been reported in patients with atopic eczema and in model mice of skin damage, although the compositions of sphingoid bases in the stratum corneum of mammals are quite different from those of dietary...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Absorption of Dietary Sphingoid Bases from the Intestine via Efflux by P-Glycoprotein in Rats

Fujii

Manabe

Aida

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Several reports have indicated that alkaline sphingomyelinase is present in the intestinal mucosa (35)(36)(37) and that the glycosylceramidase activity in the intestine is due to lactase-phlorizin hydrolase ( 38,39 ). Neutral ceramidase encoded by Asah2 is also present in the small intestine ( 40 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal absorption of dietary maize glucosylceramide in lymphatic duct cannulated rats

Sugawara

Tsuduki

Yano

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

102

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mammalian sphingolipids is sphingosine ( trans -4-sphingenine, d18:1 4t ). Smaller amounts of other sphingoid bases, such as sphinganine (dihydrosphingosine, d18:0) and phytosphingosine (4-hydroxysphinganine, t18:0), are encountered frequently. In higher plants, the structures of sphingoid bases are more complicated than in mammals, because they can be desaturated at the C8-position by a ⌬ 8-sphingolipid desaturase, yielding cis -and trans -isomers of ⌬ 8-unsaturated sphingoid bases (d18:2 4t,8c(t) ) ( 3, 4 ). 9-Methyl-trans -4, trans -8-sphingadienine (d19:2 4t,8t ) is a typical structure found in yeasts ( 5 ). Sphingolipids of marine invertebrates have unique triene types of sphingoid bases with a conjugated diene such as 2-amino-4,8,10-octatriene-1, 3-diol (d18:3 4,8,10 ) and 2-amino-9-methyl-4,8,10-octatriene-1, 3-diol (d19:3 4,8,10 ) ( 6 ). Therefore, sphingolipids having various structures of sphingoid bases are ingested daily from foodstuffs ( 7-9 ).Dietary sphingolipids have gained attention for their potential to protect against infl ammation and cancers in the gut ( 10-13 ). One plausible mechanism for these effects may be via the hydrolysis of complex sphingolipids to bioactive ceramides and sphingosine, because those breakdown products are known to play important roles as intracellular mediators ( 14, 15 ). We previously demonstrated that dietary maize and yeast sphingolipids with sphingoid bases distinct from those of mammals are able to prevent the formation of aberrant crypt foci in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated mice ( 16,17 ). We further showed that sphingoid bases prepared from various dietary sources can induce apoptosis in cancer cells (18)(19)(20).In early studies, Nilsson ( 21-23 ) investigated the digestion and intestinal absorption of sphingolipids containing sphingosine and sphinganine. Dietary sphingolipids can be hydrolyzed to their components, such as sphingoid bases, fatty acids, and the polar head group, by intestinal enzymes and are then taken up by mucosal cells ( 24,25 ). A large portion of sphingosine absorbed Sphingolipids are ubiquitous in all eukaryotic organisms and constitute a family of compounds that have a sphingoid base (long-chain base) with an amide-linked fatty acid and a polar head group. It is well known that there are diverse structures of sphingoid bases in nature ( Fig. 1 ) ( 1, 2 ). The most common sphingoid base of

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“…Earlier investigations have also suggested that lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, a small intestinal disaccharidase, exhibits glycosylceramidase activity in the intestine and plays an important role in the digestion of dietary glycolipids [123,124]. In addition, other studies have provided evidence on the existence of ceramidase in intestinal content [125,126].…”

Section: Digestion Absorption and Uptake By Keratinocytes Of Oral Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Applications of Phyto-Derived Ceramides in Improving Epidermal Barrier Function

Tessema

Gebre‐Mariam

Neubert

et al. 2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The outer most layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, consists of corneocytes which are coated by a cornified envelope and embedded in a lipid matrix of ordered lamellar structure. It is responsible for the skin barrier function. Ceramides (CERs) are the backbone of the intercellular lipid membranes. Skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and aged skin are characterized by dysfunctional skin barrier and dryness which are associated with reduced levels of CERs. Previously, the effectiveness of supplementation of synthetic and animal-based CERs in replenishing the depleted natural skin CERs and restoring the skin barrier function have been investigated. Recently, however, the barrier function improving effect of plant-derived CERs has attracted much attention. Phyto-derived CERs (phytoCERs) are preferable due to their assumed higher safety as they are mostly isolated from dietary sources. The beneficial effects of phytoCER-based oral dietary supplements for skin hydration and skin barrier reinforcement have been indicated in several studies involving animal models as well as human subjects. Ingestible dietary supplements containing phytoCERs are also widely available on the market. Nonetheless, little effort has been made to investigate the potential cosmetic applications of topically administered phytoCERs. Therefore, summarizing the foregoing investigations and identifying the gap in the scientific data on plant-derived CERs intended for skin-health benefits are of paramount importance. In this review, an attempt is made to synthesize the information available in the literature regarding the effects of phytoCER-based oral dietary supplements on skin hydration and barrier function with the underlying mechanisms.

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New insights into lactase and glycosylceramidase activities of rat lactase-phlorizin hydrolase

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Selective Absorption of Dietary Sphingoid Bases from the Intestine via Efflux by P-Glycoprotein in Rats

Selective Absorption of Dietary Sphingoid Bases from the Intestine via Efflux by P-Glycoprotein in Rats

Intestinal absorption of dietary maize glucosylceramide in lymphatic duct cannulated rats

Potential Applications of Phyto-Derived Ceramides in Improving Epidermal Barrier Function

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