New insights into facial anthropometry in digital photographs using iris dependent calibration

Driessen, Juliette P.; Vuyk, H. D.; Borgstein, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.01.023

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…17,18 We found no difference between the mean protrusion, auricular length, and surface of the left and right ears (P = 0.313Y0.878). The mean age and age distribution between boys and girls were similar (P = 0.762).…”

Section: Boys Versus Girlsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…This is permissible because of the extraordinary constancy of the iris diameter from the age of 5 years with a very narrow spread (11.5 T 0.5 mm). 11Y16 This method has been previously described for calibration of photographs in both children as adults 17,18 and enables reliable life-size measurements of preexisting photographs without incorporated scale.…”

Section: Inclusion Normal Ear Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defining the Protruding Ear

Driessen¹,

Borgstein²,

Vuyk³

2011

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Protrusion differs significantly between sexes. This indicates that different criteria should be used to judge protrusion in boys and girls. None of our prominent ears exceeded only the demarcation in the lower protrusion, suggesting that upper protrusion plays a larger role in the perception of prominence than lower protrusion and should therefore be the main objective of corrective otoplasty. Furthermore, the variation of asymmetry of protrusion in the normal population indicates that an often used success criteria in otoplasty of an asymmetry less than 3 mm may be too strict.

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Section: Boys Versus Girlsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Inclusion Normal Ear Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the Protruding Ear

Driessen¹,

Borgstein²,

Vuyk³

2011

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…Consequently, the iris trends to maintain its dimensions throughout life. Driessen et al [23], 2011, also observed the stability on the dimensions of the iris. The authors designed a study with photo-anthropometry for the purposes of facial reconstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…According to the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics, standard parameters for age estimation are necessary to guide best practices internationally [23–24]. Special attention is given to ages of major legal importance, such as 14, 18, and 21 years [25–28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach for the analysis of facial growth and age estimation: Iris ratio

et al. 2017

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The study of facial growth is explored in many fields of science, including anatomy, genetics, and forensics. In the field of forensics, it acts as a valuable tool for combating child pornography. The present research proposes a new method, based on relative measurements and fixed references of the human face—specifically considering measurements of the diameter of the iris (iris ratio)—for the analysis of facial growth in association with age in children and sub-adults. The experimental sample consisted of digital photographs of 1000 Brazilian subjects, aged between 6 and 22 years, distributed equally by sex and divided into five specific age groups (6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 year olds ± one month). The software package SAFF-2D® (Forensic Facial Analysis System, Brazilian Federal Police, Brazil) was used for positioning 11 landmarks on the images. Ten measurements were calculated and used as fixed references to evaluate the growth of the other measurements for each age group, as well the accumulated growth (6–22 years old). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was applied for the evaluation of intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability within a specific set of images. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was used to assess the association between each measurement taken and the respective age groups. ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey tests were used to search for statistical differences between the age groups. The outcomes indicated that facial structures grow with different timing in children and adolescents. Moreover, the growth allometry expressed in this study may be used to understand what structures have more or less proportional variation in function for the age ranges studied. The diameter of the iris was found to be the most stable measurement compared to the others and represented the best cephalometric measurement as a fixed reference for facial growth ratios (or indices). The method described shows promising potential for forensic applications, especially as part of the armamentarium against crimes involving child pornography and child abuse.

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“…Furthermore, these dissection studies add verification for the anatomical locations of the corners of the eyelids, and usefully add methods for determining these when the orbital rims are poorly preserved. Iris diameter was originally estimated referring to surgical recommendations (Larrabee and Makielski 1993), which fortuitously agree with the research-based findings (Driessen, Vuyk, and Borgstein 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Faces in the museum: revising the methods of facial reconstructions

Hayes

2015

Museum Management and Curatorship

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Hayes, S. (2015). Faces in the museum: revising the methods of facial reconstructions. Museum Management and Curatorship, Online First Faces in the museum: revising the methods of facial reconstructions AbstractMuseum displays of faces derived from skeletal remains -typically referred to as facial reconstructions -are extraordinarily popular, and frequently function as iconic representations of a much broader engagement with collections from a particular people, time and place. Their actual ability to meaningfully represent either an individual or a museum collection is questionable, as facial reconstructions created for display and published within academic journals show an enduring preference for applying invalidated methods. Since 2002 there has been an increase in verified skull-soft tissue relationships, and these, together with research findings from related academic fields, can be incorporated within an evidence-based estimation of facial appearance. By illustration, a face given to an individual from the Museo de la Plata collection is critically revised to show how validated relationships result in a different face, and furthermore a face that is more closely aligned to what constitutes knowledge and display within the contemporary museum. AbstractMuseum displays of faces derived from skeletal remains -typically referred to as facial reconstructions -are extraordinarily popular, and frequently function as iconic representations of a much broader engagement with collections from a particular people, time and place. Their actual ability to meaningfully represent either an individual or a museum collection is questionable, as facial reconstructions created for display and published within academic journals show an enduring preference for applying invalidated methods. Since 2002 there has been an increase in verified skull-soft tissue relationships, and these, together with research findings from related academic fields, can be incorporated within an evidence-based estimation of facial appearance. By illustration, a face given to an individual from the Museo de la Plata collection is critically revised to show how validated relationships result in a different face, and furthermore a face that is more closely aligned to what constitutes knowledge and display within the contemporary museum.

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New insights into facial anthropometry in digital photographs using iris dependent calibration

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Defining the Protruding Ear

Defining the Protruding Ear

A new approach for the analysis of facial growth and age estimation: Iris ratio

Faces in the museum: revising the methods of facial reconstructions

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