Defining the Protruding Ear

Driessen, Juliette P.; Borgstein, Johannes; Vuyk, H. D.

doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e3182326dfb

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, many authors have reported significant intergender differences regarding this feature (Driessen et al, 2011). Our observed insignificant differences concerning this trait do not confirm this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…In Bulgaria Todorov, Gavrilovič (1990) examined the Bulgarian population in connection with the presence of Darwin's tubercle (tuberculum auriculae Darwini) without specifying the study area. Although protruding ears are among the most common congenital deformities in craniofacial area, clear consensus in literature in terms of their determination is still absent (Driessen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological characteristics of auricula in children from Kyustendil region (Southwest Bulgaria)

Pirinska-Apostolou¹,

Angelova²,

Apostolou³

2015

Glas Antr Drus Srbije

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Abstract.The shape of human auricula is characterized by specific features. The diversity of these individual characteristics can be used in forensic identification of individuals. Inter -and intrapopulation variability in the shape of auricula is not thoroughly investigated neither in Bulgaria, nor worldwide. The present study was conducted in the town of Kyustendil (Southwest Bulgaria). The examined sample comprised 240 individuals of both sexes -120 school boys and 120 school girls (11 to 18 years of age). The shape of auricula and the absence/presence of tuberculum auriculae Darwini were defined by the scale of Schwalbe-Martin and Saller (1959). The most common form of both ears in the examined group is form 6 (60.00%) followed by form 3 with 20.83%. When an additional tuberculum Darwini was present, it was mostly asymmetrically positioned in both sexes. High percentage of individuals with ears positioned in a greater distance from the surface of the head was also established. Within the examined male group, 20.83% had prominent ears, the percentage was higher in comparison with the females, where the percentage was 1.66 % lower than in males.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characteristics of auricula in children from Kyustendil region (Southwest Bulgaria)

Pirinska-Apostolou¹,

Angelova²,

Apostolou³

2015

Glas Antr Drus Srbije

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“…Lower protrusion should not exceed more than 20.0 mm in males and 15.5 mm in females. Upper protrusion plays a more important role in the perception of prominence as compared with lower protrusion [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results of the current study, for all facial forms, ear visibility is approximately 1.5 cm in upper protrusion. According to Driessen et al, upper protrusion should not exceed more than 21.5 mm in males and 17.5 mm in females [13]. Lower protrusion should not exceed more than 20.0 mm in males and 15.5 mm in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying position, visibility, dimensions, and angulation of the ear

Mohamed¹,

Christian²,

Jeyapalan³

et al. 2014

J Rehabil Res Dev

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Abstract-We selected 254 subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 yr to assess the ear position, angulations of the ear in relation to the nose, visibility from the frontal view, and dimensions of the ear by using various anthropometric points of the face. Subjects were divided into four groups based on facial form. A reference plane indicator, facial topographical measurements, metal ruler, and digital photography were used. While considering the position of the ear, in all facial forms except square tapering, the most samples showed a tendency for the subaurale being in line with subnasale. Regression analysis showed a tendency to subnasale distance is the most dependent variable with length of the ear kept as a constant predictor, while both interalar distance and exocanthion to endocanthion distance correlate highly significantly to the width of the ear. In all subjects, the visibility of the ear when viewed from the front was an average of 1.5 mm. Regardless of facial form, ear angulation was generally less than nose angulation.

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“…Measurement of protrusion in frontal 3 facial photographs was performed by Driessen et al (Driessen, Borgstein, & Vuyk, 2011) in a 4 retrospective investigation of 44 patients with protruding ears and 102 prospectively collected 5 normal controls. The author used the subjects' irises for calibrating measurements and 6 outlined a methodology for measuring protruding ears in frontal facial photographs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple photographic classification of protruding ears

Lopes-Santos

2016

Preprint

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Backgroud: Protruding ear is the most commonly found auricular populational deformity with significant social consequences. The problem is clearly perceptible in frontal facial images, but a simple photographic classification for prominence has not yet been defined. Methods: Frontal facial images of forty patients with protruding ears and 102 controls were prospectively collected. A rectangle was drawn in each ear, involving its full visible anatomy. The height of each rectangle was divided by its width in each ear. Results: Results show a trend for higher values in the protruding ears group when compared to controls for both ears. Discussion: This finding can be useful for the classification of this auricular deformity.

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Defining the Protruding Ear

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Morphological characteristics of auricula in children from Kyustendil region (Southwest Bulgaria)

Morphological characteristics of auricula in children from Kyustendil region (Southwest Bulgaria)

Identifying position, visibility, dimensions, and angulation of the ear

A simple photographic classification of protruding ears

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