New Insights in Trichoderma harzianum Antagonism of Fungal Plant Pathogens by Secreted Protein Analysis

Monteiro, Valdirene Neves; Silva, Roberto do Nascimento; Steindorff, Andrei Stecca; Costa, Fábio T.; Noronha, Eliane Ferreira; Ricart, Carlos André Ornelas; Sousa, Marcelo Valle de; Vainstein, Marilene Henning; Ulhôa, Cirano José

doi:10.1007/s00284-010-9611-8

Cited by 90 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Analogous findings have been reported against S. rolfsii using T. harzianum in 2001 [38]. It was reported that S. rolfsii and mycelia of other fungus were inhibited by T. harzianum ALL42 strain which found to overgrow in Petri plate in dual culture method [39]. It also forms coiling around hyphae resulting in generation of appressoria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Chitinolytic efficacy and secretion of cell wall degrading enzymes from Trichoderma spp. in response to phyto-pathological fung

2017

J App Biol Biotech

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Chitinolytic activity and major antifungal enzyme secretion from Trichoderma spp. were studied. Soil samples were collected from different environmental niche of North Gujarat Region, India, and 12 different species of Trichoderma were obtained and identified. Among 12 isolates, 4 isolates were identified as Trichoderma harzianum, 5 isolates were identified as Trichoderma viride, and remaining 3 isolates were as of Trichoderma hamatum. These isolates were identified using species-specific primers amplification by polymerase chain reaction. All identified isolates were screened for chitinase activity using colloidal chitin derived from commercial chitin on the media supplemented with bromocresol purple. According to the results of chitinase activity screening assay, T. viride was found to be more potential isolate for chitinase production. From biocontrol assay using dual culture method, T. viride was found to be more potent antagonist against fungal plant pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Sclerotium rolfsii. T. viride was selected for further study of biocontrol potential and production of cell wall-degrading enzymes. T. viride was inoculated in media containing basal media and mycelia of fungal pathogens for cell wall-degrading enzyme production. It was found that T. viride secretes three major cell walldegrading enzymes, i.e., chitinase, protease, and β-glucanase. Optimum production of all three enzymes was found at 96 h incubation. Details of antifungal protein secretion are mentioned in this paper.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Chitinolytic efficacy and secretion of cell wall degrading enzymes from Trichoderma spp. in response to phyto-pathological fung

2017

J App Biol Biotech

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“…This fungus releases cell wall-degrading enzymes, which combat plant pathogens through a variety of mechanisms (Ghisalbert and Sivasithamparam, 1991;Monte, 2001;Monteiro et al, 2010). However, T. harzianum T S1 has a long culture period and high production costs, which have restricted T. harzianum T S1 production levels (da Silva et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of solid-state fermentation conditions for Trichoderma harzianum using an orthogonal test

Zhang¹,

Yang²

2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for the production of fungal bio-pesticides with high efficiency, low cost, and non-polluting fermentation, while also increasing their survival rate under field conditions. This is the first study to develop biocontrol Trichoderma harzianum transformants T S1 that are resistant to benzimidazole fungicides. Agricultural corn stover and wheat bran waste were used as a medium and inducing carbon source for solid fermentation. Spore production was observed, and the method was optimized using single-factor tests with 4 factors at 3 levels in an orthogonal experimental design to determine the optimal culture conditions for T. harzianum T S1 . In this step, we determined the best conditions for fermenting the biocontrol fungi. The optimal culture conditions for T. harzianum T S1 were cultivated for 8 days, a ratio of straw to wheat bran of 1:3, ammonium persulfate as the nitrogen source, and a water content of 30 mL. Under optimal culture conditions, the sporulation of T. harzianum T S1 reached 1.49 x 10 10 CFU/g, which was 1.46-fold higher than that achieved before optimization. Increased sporulation of T. harzianum T S1 results in better utilization of space and 1771-1781 (2015) nutrients to achieve control of plant pathogens. This method allows for the recycling of agricultural waste straw.

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“…In recent years, a number of studies have identified enzymes and effectors involved in host recognition and the mycoparasitic responses of Trichoderma (40,46,51); however, their modes of action and the mechanisms determining host specificity remain poorly understood. Mainly expressed-sequencetag (EST) libraries of different Trichoderma strains obtained under various growth conditions have contributed significantly to the large-scale identification of active genes (63,64).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Mycoparasitism-Related Genes in Trichoderma atroviride

Reithner

Ibarra-Laclette²,

Mach

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

115

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A high-throughput sequencing approach was utilized to carry out a comparative transcriptome analysis of Trichoderma atroviride IMI206040 during mycoparasitic interactions with the plant-pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. In this study, transcript fragments of 7,797 Trichoderma genes were sequenced, 175 of which were host responsive. According to the functional annotation of these genes by KOG (eukaryotic orthologous groups), the most abundant group during direct contact was "metabolism." Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR confirmed the differential transcription of 13 genes (including swo1, encoding an expansin-like protein; axe1, coding for an acetyl xylan esterase; and homologs of genes encoding the aspartyl protease papA and a trypsin-like protease, pra1) in the presence of R. solani. An additional relative gene expression analysis of these genes, conducted at different stages of mycoparasitism against Botrytis cinerea and Phytophthora capsici, revealed a synergistic transcription of various genes involved in cell wall degradation. The similarities in expression patterns and the occurrence of regulatory binding sites in the corresponding promoter regions suggest a possible analog regulation of these genes during the mycoparasitism of T. atroviride. Furthermore, a chitin-and distance-dependent induction of pra1 was demonstrated.Due to hazardous chemical fungicides affecting human health (4) and the environment (9), the application of biological control agents like Trichoderma spp. is a promising alternative for plant protection (17). Members of the genus Trichoderma (teleomorph Hypocrea) are potent mycoparasitic fungi that not only compete for nutrients but also secrete cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) such as chitinases, glucanases, and proteases, among others, and excrete secondary metabolites that are active against a number of plant-pathogenic fungi (15,28,29,41,58). In addition to an increase in enzyme secretion during interactions with host fungi, it was shown previously that differentiation processes occur, leading to morphological changes and the formation of penetration structures in mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp. (7,22). Interestingly, mycoparasitism is not a mere result of physical contact but may be proceeded by an early recognition process that leads to the induction of gene expression of hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., prb1 [18] and ech42 [67]).In recent years, a number of studies have identified enzymes and effectors involved in host recognition and the mycoparasitic responses of Trichoderma (40, 46, 51); however, their modes of action and the mechanisms determining host specificity remain poorly understood. Mainly expressed-sequencetag (EST) libraries of different Trichoderma strains obtained under various growth conditions have contributed significantly to the large-scale identification of active genes (63, 64). Additionally, diverse DNA array experiments have determined that an expansin-like protein, aspartyl proteases, and hydrophobins, among others, are involved in the biocontrol a...

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New Insights in Trichoderma harzianum Antagonism of Fungal Plant Pathogens by Secreted Protein Analysis

Cited by 90 publications

References 33 publications

Chitinolytic efficacy and secretion of cell wall degrading enzymes from Trichoderma spp. in response to phyto-pathological fung

Chitinolytic efficacy and secretion of cell wall degrading enzymes from Trichoderma spp. in response to phyto-pathological fung

Optimization of solid-state fermentation conditions for Trichoderma harzianum using an orthogonal test

Identification of Mycoparasitism-Related Genes in Trichoderma atroviride

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