New hydrophilic 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone chelators with ether-derived substituents: Synthesis and evaluation of analytical performance in the determination of iron in waters

Hydroxypyridinone-Based Metal Chelators towards Ecotoxicity: Remediation and Biological Mechanisms

“…On the other hand, in the last decade, the design of N -alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinones has provided a “first-generation” of 3,4-HP to be employed as chromogenic reagents for iron(III) determination [ 30 , 31 ], but the intermediate or low solubility of the compounds in water media, together with the high detection limits and low sensitivity of the methods used for the metal examination, have challenged the researchers to develop a new “second generation” of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinones, that could assure a higher ligand solubility in water than the “first-generation” products, and provide analytical methods for Fe 3+ determination with lower detection limits and higher sensitivity.…”

Greener and wide applicability range flow-based spectrophotometric method for iron determination in fresh and marine water

“…A stock solution of 40.0 mmol L -1 of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (MRB13, molar mass = 233.1 g mol - ) was prepared by dissolution of the corresponding quantity of the reagent in water. A 0.6 mmol L -1 of MRB13 [24], reagent solution, was daily prepared by dilution of the stock solution in water.…”

“…The use of this newly reported chelator, MRB13, for the spectrophotometric determination of iron was studied. In a recent work [24], the features of this ligand and some parent ligands were compared in a flow mode for iron measurement. However, no application for iron quantification with the use of this chelator (MRB13) was described.…”

“…In the present work, a low toxicity iron chelator was employed for the development of a spectrophotometric flow-based method. The chosen reagent is a 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone, (3,4-HPO) ligand functionalized with an ether function to increase solubility in water [24]. These iron chelators with chromogenic properties display significant advantages as a low toxicity reagent with high affinity and specificity for iron(III) [12,14,24], making them an attractive choice for the quantification of iron from a green chemistry perspective.…”

“…In the last few years, some 3,4-HPOs with different substituents in different positions have been developed, including the latest 1-(3'-methoxypropyl)-2-methyl-3-benzyloxy-4-(1H)pyridinone (MRB13), the chelator used in the present work. The way the synthesis of MRB13 is achieved is also important to remark, as its route of synthesis is more efficient and sustainable if compared to the one for other ligands [24].…”