New horizons for future research – Critical issues to consider for maximizing research excellence and impact

Langhans, Wolfgang; Adan, Roger A.H.; Arnold, Myrtha; Banks, William A.; Card, J. Patrick; Dailey, Murray D.; Daniels, Derek; Kloet, Annette D. de; Lartigue, Guillaume de; Dickson, Suzanne L.; Fedele, Shahana; Grill, Harvey J.; Jansson, John Olov; Kaufman, Sharon R.; Kolar, Grant R.; Krause, Eric G.; Lee, Shin J.; Foll, Christelle Le; Levin, Barry E.; Lutz, Thomas; Mansouri, Ali; Moran, Timothy H.; Pacheco-López, Gustavo; Ramachandran, Deepti; Raybould, Helen E.; Rinaman, Linda; Samson, Willis K.; Sanchez‐Watts, Graciela; Seeley, Randy J.; Skibicka, Karolina P.; Spector, Alan C.; Tamashiro, Kellie L.K.; Templeton, Brian; Trapp, Stefan; Tso, Patrick; Watts, Alan G.; Weissfeld, Nadja; Williams, D.B.; Wolfrum, Christian; Yosten, Gina L. C.; Woods, Stephen C.

doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.007

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…They are broadly distributed presynaptically on axon terminals, post-synaptically on dendrites and neuronal somata (197), and on glial, epithelial, and ependymal cells. These diverse locations, coupled with the lack of specific reagents-particularly antibodies-or precisely targeted delivery systems mean that accurately locating, characterizing, and experimentally targeting GPCR function in the brain remains a significant challenge that currently limits how well we can interpret the contributions peptides make to network function (202). For example, two commonly used proxy markers for peptide receptor locations-in situ hybridization and the gene promoter-driven expression of fluorescent markers-are adequate for identifying target cell locations or their overall morphologies.…”

Section: Peptide Receptor Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent technical development of reporters for GPCR function (e.g. (203)(204)(205)) offers the prospect of investigating neuropeptide signaling with much higher spatiotemporal resolution than is currently possible (202).…”

Section: Peptide Receptor Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last 30 years however, the mouse became the standard model used in biomedical research because of the availability of molecular genetic techniques. This has led to an increasingly important but sometimes poorly recognized disconnect between mice, rats, and other species (see Section III C) particularly humans (202).…”

Section: Preamblementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethologists like Tinbergen, Hinde, and others understood what was needed to fully explain how motivated behaviors are controlled by the brain (302,1278), but they did not have the tools to work out the details. Now we do (202,1279). It would therefore be worth our while to look at the complexities of eating behavior in more detail so that they provide a more expansive context for considering established and emerging knowledge about how brain components work together to enable animals to eat.…”

Section: Figure 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks

Watts

Kanoski

Sanchez‐Watts

et al. 2022

Physiological Reviews

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During the past 30 years, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable level of cell-specificity-particularly at the cell signaling level-and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections; a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain, that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts-including ones that still engender vigorous debate-that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include: key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.

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Section: Peptide Receptor Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%