New hihg‐oleic peanut cultivars grown in the Southwestern United States

Abstract

The chemical composition of five high-oleic peanut lines grown in Oklahoma was examined. Tamrun OL 01, Tamrun OL 02, TX 977164, and TX 977239 were developed using conventional breeding procedures. SunOleic and Tamrun 96 were the parent lines. These lines demonstrated outstanding agronomic characteristics in Oklahoma. The peanut seeds analyzed in this study contained 42 to 49% oil, 25 to 29% protein, 9 to 12% total dietary fiber, about 2% ash, and 5% moisture. The peanut seeds were rich in potassium. Phosphorus and calcium were the two other two major minerals present in all the samples. The proximate compositions of all the breeding lines were within the range of the parent lines except they had 80% (w/w) oleic acid, which was significantly higher than the parent lines. This study indicates that conventional genetic selection for high-oleic concentration does not cause substantial unintentional changes in peanut chemical composition.The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop and is currently grown on approximately 40 million acres (16.2 million ha) worldwide (1). As an oilseed crop, peanuts rank fourth in world production. Within the United States, the major peanut-producing regions are in the southeastern and southwestern states. The state of Oklahoma ranks seventh in the United States in peanut production (2).A peanut breeding line containing about 80% oleic acid and 2% linoleic acid was first identified by Norden et al. (3). The incorporation of high-oleic genes into new peanut breeding lines resulted in the SunOleic cultivar, a high-oleic variety released by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station in 1995 (4). The SunOleic peanut variety has a favorable high oleic acid content and consequently extended shelf life. Tamrun 96, released by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (TAES), is a popular variety in the southwestern United States because of its high yield, disease resistance, and peg strength. Compared with another popular variety, Florunner, Tamrun 96 appears to exhibit better resistance to several diseases including tomato spotted wilt, southern blight, sclerotinia, and pod rot.The TAES, the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (OAES), and the USDA/ARS initiated a joint breeding program to develop a peanut variety that would possess favorable traits of both SunOleic and Tamrun 96. Four peanut linesTamrun OL 01, Tamrun OL 02, TX 977164, and TX 977239-were developed using SunOleic and Tamrun 96 as parental lines. These breeding lines had very good agronomic characteristics when tested in Oklahoma. Tamrun OL 01 was released by the TAES and the OAES, and Tamrun OL 02 has been released by the TAES. The breeding lines TX 977164 and TX 977239 have not yet been released.The main objective of this study is to examine the chemical composition of Tamrun OL 01, Tamrun OL 02, TX 977164, and TX 977239. The specific objectives include: (i) determination of the nutritional composition of peanut varieties developed for the southwestern United States, (ii) examination of ...

Nutritional composition of new Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars

“…These two chemical components constitute the main components in peanut cultivars. These values correspond to the expected percentages normally found in peanuts (Jonnala et al, 2005a;Jonnala et al, 2005b).…”

“…Cultivars NC-2 and Fluorunner were developed in the 60's in the USA, the oleic/linoleic ratio reported for these cultivars was 1.9 (Hui, 1996), which is higher than the ratio found here (Table 3). Recently, new peanut cultivars have been developed to increase the oleic acid content to around 80%, at the expense of linoleic acid; increasing the oleic/linoleic ratio to around 2.0 (Jonnala et al, 2005a) but also, to increase the phytochemical properties of peanuts (Jonnala et al, 2006b). …”

“…This quality is affected by cultivar location (Grosso et al, 1994), soil temperature (Golombek et al, 1995), atmospheric temperature, and amount of rain (Casini et al, 2003). Recently, several attempts have been made to produce new cultivars with improved nutritional qualities such as chemical composition, phytochemicals and high oleic/linoleic ratios (Jonnala et al, 2005a).…”

Peanut oil: Compositional data

“…The incorporation of high-oleic genes into peanut breeding lines results in a high-oleic variety and consequently in an oil with extended shelf life. In Table 3, the fatty acid composition range of four high-oleic peanut lines obtained from two middle-oleic cultivars [25] is summarized. These obtained breeding lines, with oleic acid accounted for about 80% of the total fatty acids, had very good agronomic characteristics in Oklahoma (southwestern United States).…”

In Vivo Study of Nutritive Value of Oil Seeds from New Varieties of Sunflower, Safflower and Groundnut

“…Recently, several attempts have been made to produce new cultivars with improved nutritional qualities (Jonnala et al, 2005). A balanced diet is one which contains all the essential nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins in the correct proportion for the normal growth and development of the body (Babji et al, 2010;Balsubramanian et al, 1980).…”