New green surfactants for emulsion polymerization

Fernández, A. M.; Held, Uwe; Willing, Andreas; Breuer, W.

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2004.12.011

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…But NPEOs are undesirable because alkyl‐phenol residues are formed when these surfactants are released to the environment . Therefore, the substitution of ionic (NPEOs) with environmentally friendly non‐ionic alkyl phenol free emulsifiers is highly encouraged . Fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEOs) as less toxic surfactants are suitable substitutes for these surfactants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEOs) as less toxic surfactants are suitable substitutes for these surfactants. FAEOs, having a degree of ethoxylation between 7 and 40, show excellent water miscibility and stability performance in emulsion polymerization . The hydrophobe in the surfactants is synthesized from renewable resources and the use of these bio‐based surfactants has proven to be successful for many systems such as acrylates .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FAEOs, having a degree of ethoxylation between 7 and 40, show excellent water miscibility and stability performance in emulsion polymerization . The hydrophobe in the surfactants is synthesized from renewable resources and the use of these bio‐based surfactants has proven to be successful for many systems such as acrylates . Other examples of environmentally friendly surfactants are mannuronate moieties derived from alginates, fatty hydrocarbon chains derived from vegetable resources and ILs and surfactants based on lipo‐peptides …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Applying the Principles of Green Chemistry to Polymer Production Technology

Dubé

Salehpour

2013

Macromol. React. Eng.

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Applying the Principles of Green Chemistry to Polymer Production Technology

Dubé

Salehpour

2013

Macromol. React. Eng.

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As consumers become more aware and concerned about the impact of the food they eat and the substances they commonly use on their health and general wellbeing, there is a growing interest in designer lipids. Among the lipid classes, surfactants, such as monoacylglycerols (monoglycerides, MAG), are desired by the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and chemical industries [2][3][4][5]. Production of tailor-made designer MAG with targeted fatty acids therefore offers promising industrial opportunities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of mono-, di-, and triglycerides from waste fatty acids through esterification with glycerol

Mostafa¹,

Maher²,

Abdelmoez³

2013

ABB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Currently monoglyceride and diglyceride are representing important products, as they have numerous applications such as modifying agents in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, the production of these economically value added compounds by estrifying the fatty acids with the glycerol is presented. Effects of various reaction parameters were optimized to obtain high yield of mono, di-and triglycerids. The effects of temperature (180˚C to 260˚C), ZnCl 2 catalyst concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%), glycerol to fatty acids molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 3:1), agitation speeds (200, 500, 1000 rpm), type of reaction system (opened and closed) and type of fatty acids including oleic and palmatic acids on esterification efficiency of fatty acids were investigated. The optimum conditions of esterification reaction were at temperature 195˚C, molar ratio 1:1, amount of catalyst 0.3% Zncl 2 , and agitation 500 rpm. Analysis of yield showed that at the optimum conditions mondi and triglycerids were produced in high purity, up to 99%. Infrared spectroscopy IR and thin layer chromatograph TLC proved that the final product contains mono, di-and triglycerides.

show abstract

“…However, NPEOs are bioaccumulative and persistent in the environment while nonylphenol, the breakdown product of NPEs, is an endocrine disruptor. Therefore, the EU Commission has recommended implementing a risk reduction strategy, which foresees the ban of all applications leading to direct emissions to waste water and strict emission controls for all other technical processes using NPEOs as surfactants [1]. In one of the major fields of application, alkyl phenol-free surfactants with a more favorable ecological profile are becoming key ingredients for eco-friendly emulsion polymers and polymer dispersions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Green Commercial Surfactant in Preparing Purely Acrylic Latex via Semi‐continuous Seeded Emulsion Polymerization

Chen

2012

J Surfact & Detergents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) are widely used as surfactants for emulsion polymerization and for post adding stabilization for latex applications in formulations with high filler content. However, NPEOs are bioaccumulative and persistent in the environment while nonylphenol, the breakdown product of NPEs, is an endrocrine disruptor. Therefore, it has been recommended to ban technical processes using NPEOs as surfactants. The acrylic polymer latex was prepared via semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate in water phase initiated with potassium persulfate when nonylphenol ethoxylates are replaced with alkyl polyglycoside (APG) surfactants. The structure of the resultant acrylic polymer latex is confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum. Differential scanning calorimetry confirms that the resultant latex is a kind of random copolymer and the consistency among the chain segment is fairly good. Influences of amount of APG on the properties of the resultant latex and its film were investigated. Results show that the particle size of the latex is decreased with the increase of the amount of APG. And the ionic stability of latex is also improved with the increase of the amount of APG. However, the water-resistance of the film of the latex is decreased with the increase of the amount of APG.

show abstract

New green surfactants for emulsion polymerization

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Applying the Principles of Green Chemistry to Polymer Production Technology

Applying the Principles of Green Chemistry to Polymer Production Technology

Production of mono-, di-, and triglycerides from waste fatty acids through esterification with glycerol

Application of Green Commercial Surfactant in Preparing Purely Acrylic Latex via Semi‐continuous Seeded Emulsion Polymerization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About