New Frontiers in Visual Search: An Exploratory Study in Live Tennis Situations

Singer, Robert N.; Williams, Abigail; Frehlich, Shane G.; Janelle, Christopher M.; Radlo, Steven J.; Barba, Douglas A.; Bouchard, Lester J.

doi:10.1080/02701367.1998.10607696

Cited by 75 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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Section: Visual Search Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…These results suggest that the viewing behavior for both video image and CG animation conditions was initially placed around the head-shoulder and arm-hand areas of the server, but subsequently shifted to the racket-ball contact space, or around the racket (see Figures 2 and 3). This finding is supported by previous studies on tennis serves (Goulet et al, 1989;Singer et al, 1998).Although film type had no significant effect on the overall distribution of viewing behavior (the main effect of film type, interactions between film type and phase, and film type and area were all nonsignificant), there was a significant three-way interaction among film type, phase, and area, F(21, 357)ϭ2.15, pϽ0.01. Subsequent simple interaction tests of film type by area conducted within individual phases revealed a significant effect in Phase 4, F(3.99, 67.77)ϭ4.50, e ϭ0.57, pϽ0.01.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

“…Skilled tennis players need to pay attention to the relationship between the movements of the arm-hand, racket, and toss-up ball in order to determine the serve direction of an opponent (Goulet et al, 1989;Singer et al, 1998;Jackson and Mogan, 2007). Our results suggested that the racket swing motion in the video image condition provided a particularly rich source of information to guide the participant's anticipatory performance when compared to the CG animation condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Anticipatory Judgment of Tennis Serve: A Comparison between Video Images and Computer Graphics Animations

Fukuhara

Ida

Kusubori

et al. 2009

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using computer graphics (CG) animations to evaluate perceptual skills in tennis. In Experiment 1, we used video images or CG animations to examine the visual search behaviors and the accuracy of anticipating serve direction of 18 skilled tennis players. Participants viewed the racket area for a longer time during the 150 ms period immediately before the moment of racket-ball contact in the video image condition opposed to the CG animation condition. In addition, the participants made more accurate judgments in the video image condition than in the CG animation condition. In Experiment 2, we investigated the information pick-up patterns of 10 skilled players while they viewed either the video images or CG animations using a temporal occlusion. Consistent with the results of Experiment 1, participants made more accurate judgments during the 150 ms period immediately before the contact in the video image condition than in the CG animation condition. The results of both experiments showed that the perceptual information in the 150 ms period differed between the two film types. However, the anticipation accuracy of the CG animation condition in both experiments was over the chance level (50%), suggesting that the participants were able to pick up the anticipatory information of serve direction from the CG animations. This led to the conclusion that CG animations would be a valuable tool to examine perceptual skills in tennis.Keywords: visual search, temporal occlusion, perceptual skills Paper : Psychology has studied when, where, and how skilled players extract visual cues, using approaches such as eyemovement recording (e.g., Kato and Fukuda, 2002;Savelsbergh et al., 2002;Williams et al., 2002), temporal occlusion (e.g., Abernethy et al., 2001;Farrow et al., 2005;Goulet et al., 1989), and spatial occlusion (e.g., Abernethy and Russell, 1987;Shim et al., 2006;Jackson and Mogan, 2007). Typically, experimental paradigms have presented video displays that simulate the player's perspective while he or she is facing opposing players (e.g., returning a serve in tennis or facing a penalty kick in soccer). These simulated visual stimuli were presented to both skilled and less skilled players, whose task was to anticipate the final outcome of the opponent's motions, for example, identifying the direction in which the ball would be hit. These studies have identified the spatial and temporal visual cues used in anticipatory responses based on differences in skill level.Moreover, previous researchers in sports perception have used point-light displays to examine the minimum essential source of information for skilled performance (Abernethy, 1993;Abernethy et al., 2001;Shim et al., 2005;Ward et al., 2002). The point-light displays represent only the kinematic features of the opponent's movement pattern; however, both skilled and less skilled players in racket sports were able to anticipate movement outcomes from this display (Abernethy et al., 2001;Shim et al., 2006). Ward et al. (20...

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Section: Visual Search Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 82%

supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anticipatory Judgment of Tennis Serve: A Comparison between Video Images and Computer Graphics Animations

Fukuhara

Ida

Kusubori

et al. 2009

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…in the corresponding perpendicular plane, thus encompassing when participants were looking at the ball as well as if they made a visual saccade to where the ball was going to bounce or be played to (Croft, Button, & Dicks, 2010;Singer et al, 1998), and if participants' gaze lagged behind the ball (Land & McLeod, 2000). The size of the shape used to identify when participants' gaze was on ball flight was maintained constant throughout the analysis.…”

Section: Gaze Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual information and perceptual-cognitive expertise in a dynamic, temporally-constrained task.

Murphy¹,

Jackson²,

Cooke³

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

Self Cite

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Skilled performers extract and process postural information from an opponent during anticipation more effectively than their less-skilled counterparts. In contrast, the role and importance of contextual information in anticipation has received only minimal attention. We evaluate the importance of contextual information in anticipation and examine the underlying perceptual-cognitive processes. We present skilled and less-skilled tennis players with normal video or animated footage of the same rallies. In the animated condition, sequences were created using player movement and ball trajectory data, and postural information from the players was removed, constraining participants to anticipate based on contextual information alone. Participants judged ball bounce location of the opponent's final occluded shot. The 2 groups were more accurate than chance in both display conditions with skilled being more accurate than less-skilled (Exp. 1) participants. When anticipating based on contextual information alone, skilled participants employed different gaze behaviors to less-skilled counterparts and provided verbal reports of thoughts which were indicative of more thorough evaluation of contextual information (Exp. 2). Findings highlight the importance of both postural and contextual information in anticipation and indicate that perceptual-cognitive expertise is underpinned by processes that facilitate more effective processing of contextual information, in the absence of postural information.

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“…Hubbard and Seng (1954) reported that the line of gaze in baseball batters was uncoupled from the ball at 240 ms prior to bat-ball contact (for similar findings in other sports, see Croft, Button, & Dicks, 2010;Ripoll & Fleurance, 1988;Singer et al, 1998). In order to circumvent this limitation, fast-ball experts often exhibit a large anticipatory saccade for ball-tracking until the point of bat-ball contact (Bahill & LaRitz, 1984;Land & McLeod, 2000;Ripoll & Fleurance, 1988;Singer et al, 1998). It is known that visual information is suppressed and/or degraded during saccadic eye movement (Campbell & Wurtz, 1978;Volkmann, Schick, & Riggs, 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color perception is impaired in baseball batters while performing an interceptive action

Sasada

Nakamoto

Ikudome

et al. 2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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In order to test the theoretical idea that experts rely more on the dorsal stream than the ventral stream during interceptive action for the interception of a moving target, the present study investigates the perception of color (dominant in ventral processing) during interceptive action in fast-ball sports. Twelve college baseball players and 12 non-baseball players performed a coincident-timing task with target color changes (from white to red, blue, or white) at various time points (at 100, 200, or 300 ms before target arrival). In this task, participants swung a bat and/or pressed a button in response to the target's arrival at a prespecified location. Participants were then asked to state the final color of the target. Baseball players, but not non-baseball players, were significantly less proficient at identifying color changes during the bat-swing condition relative to the button-press condition, irrespective of the time points of color change. These results are consistent with the idea that baseball players rely more on the dorsal stream during bat swinging for the interception of a moving target than do novices.

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New Frontiers in Visual Search: An Exploratory Study in Live Tennis Situations

Cited by 75 publications

References 12 publications

Anticipatory Judgment of Tennis Serve: A Comparison between Video Images and Computer Graphics Animations

Anticipatory Judgment of Tennis Serve: A Comparison between Video Images and Computer Graphics Animations

Contextual information and perceptual-cognitive expertise in a dynamic, temporally-constrained task.

Color perception is impaired in baseball batters while performing an interceptive action

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