New evidence of risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based study

Almirall, Jordi; Bolíbar, Ignasi; Serra‐Prat, Mateu; Roig, Jordi; Carandell, Eugenia; Agustí, Mercé; Ayuso, Pilar; Estela, Andreu; Torres, Antoni

doi:10.1183/09031936.00095807

Cited by 304 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Findings from studies of the association between body mass index and acute respiratory infection are inconsistent, 6 but in general, studies powered to assess the effect of obesity on hospitalizations and/or mortality found increased risk associated with obesity 8 , 9 , 42 , 43 while studies examining the effect of obesity on healthcare service utilization for influenza‐like illness found no association or increased utilization associated with low BMI 4 , 44 , 45 , 46 . Thus, obesity may not be related to increased utilization of outpatient healthcare services for influenza‐like illness, but there is some evidence that obesity is related to increased rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza is considered ambulatory care sensitive as risk of influenza‐related hospitalizations, and severe outcomes may be mitigated through appropriate primary care 3 . Preventative efforts in the form of vaccination and the detection and control of chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes, can reduce rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations 4 , 5 . Despite these effective clinical interventions, the public health and economic impact of influenza epidemics remains high and motivates the need to identify additional individual‐ and community‐level risk factors that may respond to public health interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations in the United States

Charland

Buckeridge

Hoen

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Charland et al.(2012) Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations in the United States. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12019. Background Findings from studies examining the association between obesity and acute respiratory infection are inconsistent. Few studies have assessed the relationship between obesity‐related behavioral factors, such as diet and exercise, and risk of acute respiratory infection. Objective To determine whether community prevalence of obesity, low fruit/vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity are associated with influenza‐related hospitalization rates. Methods Using data from 274 US counties, from 2002 to 2008, we regressed county influenza‐related hospitalization rates on county prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30), low fruit/vegetable consumption (<5 servings/day), and physical inactivity (<30 minutes/month recreational exercise), while adjusting for community‐level confounders such as insurance coverage and the number of primary care physicians per 100 000 population. Results A 5% increase in obesity prevalence was associated with a 12% increase in influenza‐related hospitalization rates [adjusted rate ratio (ARR) 1·12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·07, 1·17]. Similarly, a 5% increase in the prevalence of low fruit/vegetable consumption and physical inactivity was associated with an increase of 12% (ARR 1·12, 95% CI 1·08, 1·17) and 11% (ARR 1·11, 95% CI 1·07, 1·16), respectively. When all three variables were included in the same model, a 5% increase in prevalence of obesity, low fruit/vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity was associated with 6%, 8%, and 7% increases in influenza‐related hospitalization rates, respectively. Conclusions Communities with a greater prevalence of obesity were more likely to have high influenza‐related hospitalization rates. Similarly, less physically active populations, with lower fruit/vegetable consumption, tended to have higher influenza‐related hospitalization rates, even after accounting for obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations in the United States

Charland

Buckeridge

Hoen

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…In the control group, 52.6% were males aged 58.9 ± 19.6 yrs and 47.4% were females aged 54.6 ± 20.6 yrs. Characteristics of both study groups have been previously published [19]. Main differences between cases and controls included smoking habit, alcohol intake (in men), BMI, educational level, and prevalence of diabetes, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, asthma or epilepsy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the study methodology have been previously published [19]. The target population included 859,033 inhabitants older than 14 years of age assigned to any of the 64 participating primary care centres, selected according to their predisposition to take part in the study.…”

Section: Design and Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Oral Health as Risk Factor for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Rodríguez¹,

Bolíbar²,

Serra‐Prat³

et al. 2014

J Pulm Respir Med

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Objectives: Considerable evidence exists of the relationship between poor oral hygiene (therefore greater presence of plaque) and risk of pneumonia in special-care populations, including intensive care unit and nursing home settings. However, the effect of poor oral health on the development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains to be established. We assessed the relationship between CAP and oral health in general adult population. Study design:Over 1-year period, 1,336 incident cases of CAP and 1,326 controls were enrolled in a populationbased case-control study. A questionnaire on CAP risk factors that included oral health-related questions, including visit to dentist in the last month, bleeding gums, gingivitis, dental dysaesthesia, dental prosthesis, gumboil in the last month, teeth move or lost, and periodontal disease was administered to all participants. Results:The prevalence of dental dysaesthesia and use of dental prosthesis was significantly higher among patients with CAP than in control subjects (23.3% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.043, and 45.6% vs. 40.8%, P = 0.016, respectively), whereas visit to the dentist in the last month was a preventive factor against the development of CAP (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.92, P = 0.008). Results of bivariate analysis were confirmed in the adjusted multivariate logistic regression models. Conclusions:Poor oral health may contribute to a higher risk for CAP in adult patients. Oral hygiene practices are particularly important in subjects with dental dysaesthesia and dental prosthesis. Not only odontologists but also dental hygienists should be aware of the relationship between oral health and potentially severe lung infection.

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“…14,15 [Ib] Dose-response relationships with the current number of cigarettes smoked per day, pack-years of smoking, and time since quitting, have all been demonstrated in relation to invasive pneumococcal disease. 15,16 [III]…”

Section: Prevention and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary care summary of the British Thoracic Society Guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: 2009 update Endorsed by the Royal College of General Practitioners and the Primary Care Respiratory Society UK

Levy

Jeune

Woodhead

et al. 2010

Primary Care Respiratory Journal

107

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New evidence of risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based study

Cited by 304 publications

References 30 publications

Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations in the United States

Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza‐related hospitalizations in the United States

Poor Oral Health as Risk Factor for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Primary care summary of the British Thoracic Society Guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: 2009 update Endorsed by the Royal College of General Practitioners and the Primary Care Respiratory Society UK

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